Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics of children with anthropometry at 0, 24, and 60 months of age in the MAL-ED study, including height-for-age z-score (HAZ), height-for-age difference (HAD), weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), and weight-for-age difference (WAD). Stunting is defined as HAZ < -2, underweight is defined as WAZ < -2

From: Influences on catch-up growth using relative versus absolute metrics: evidence from the MAL-ED cohort study

N

942

No. girls (%)

474 (50.3)

Mean SES scorea (SD)

0.6 (0.2)

Mean Lactulose:Mannitol z-scoreb (SD)

0.4 (0.6)

Maternal height, cm (SD)

152.2 (6.5)

Mean energy intakec, kcal/d (SD)

838.0 (360.8)

Mean protein intakec, g/d (SD)

23.3 (10.5)

Mean transferrin receptord, mg/L (SD)

6.0 (3.1)

# stunted at 0 mo (%)

130 (13.8)

# stunted at 24 mo (%)

426 (45.2)

# stunted at 60 mo (%)

256 (27.2)

Mean HAZ at 0 mo (SD)

-0.9 (1.0)

Mean HAZ at 24 mo (SD)

-1.9 (1.0)

Mean HAZ at 60 mo (SD)

-1.4 (0.9)

Change HAZ 24 to 60 mo (SD)

0.5 (0.6)

Change HAD 24 to 60 mo (cm)

-1.0 (2.5)

# underweight at 0 mo (%)

130 (13.8)

# underweight at 24 mo (%)

202 (21.4)

# underweight at 60 mo (%)

184 (19.5)

Mean WAZ at 0 mo (SD)

-0.8 (1.1)

Mean WAZ at 24 mo (SD)

-1.2 (1.0)

Mean WAZ at 60 mo (SD)

-1.2 (1.0)

Change WAZ 24 to 60 mo (SD)

0.0 (0.7)

Change WAD 24 to 60 mo (kg)

-1.1 (1.6)

  1. aSocioeconomic score is the mean of values at 30 and 36 months. The score was generated for the MAL-ED study and based on Water and sanitation, Assets, Maternal education, and Income (WAMI) [26]
  2. bLactulose:Mannitol tests were conducted 3, 6, 9 and 15 months and transformed into z-scores, and the mean of 1–4 z-scores was calculated per child
  3. cRepresents the mean intake per child of non-breast milk foods assessed monthly from 9 to 24 months (range 11–17 assessments per child)
  4. dMean of 1–3 measures per child assessed at 7, 15, and 24 months