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Table 3 Comparison of HP and HL scale scores in terms of sociodemographic characteristics

From: Health literacy, health perception and related factors among different ethnic groups: a cross-sectional study in southeastern Turkey

Ethnic origin

HP scale scores

HL scale scores

N

X̄±SS

χ2/z

p

Diff.***

X̄±SS

χ2/z

p

Diff.***

aTurkish origin

150

41.78 ± 2.16

  

a-b, a-c,

26.24 ± 2.49

  

a-b, a-c,

bKurdish origin

150

41.00 ± 2.20

117.013*

0.000

a-d, b-c,

23.04 ± 2.17

315.934*

0.000

a-d, b-c,

cAssyrian origin

150

45.28 ± 4.74

  

b-d, c-d

32.36 ± 5.49

  

b-d, c-d

dArab origin

150

42.00 ± 3.49

   

30.25 ± 4.08

   

Age

   

a18-29

221

42.50 ± 3.38

   

28.23 ± 4.97

   

b30-39

214

42.45 ± 3.64

8.564*

0.036

a-d, b-c,

27.09 ± 5.12

14.249*

0.003

a-b, b-c,

c40-49

114

43.50 ± 4.31

  

b-d,

28.26 ± 5.06

  

b-d

d50 -65

51

43.58 ± 3.24

   

29.89 ± 6.40

   

Gender

  

 Female

247

42.73 ± 3.77

-.357**

0.72

 

28.22 ± 5.26

-.974**

0.328

 

 Male

353

42.79 ± 3.61

   

27.80 ± 5.19

   

Marital status

 Married

379

42.95 ± 3.62

-1.753**

0.080

 

28.05 ± 5.38

-.221**

0.825

 

 Single

221

42.44 ± 3.76

   

27.83 ± 4.95

   

Family type

   

 Nuclear

204

43.49 ± 4.38

-3.446**

0.001

 

29.57 ± 5.97

-4.669**

0.000

 

 Extended

396

42.39 ± 3.20

   

27.15 ± 4.59

   

Educational status

aPrimary school

77

43.31 ± 4.47

3.569*

0.312

 

28.74 ± 5.22

9.411*

0.024

 

bSecondary school

152

43.25 ± 4.13

   

28.90 ± 5.73

   

cHigh school

250

42.31 ± 2.81

   

27.38 ± 4.68

  

a-c, b-c

dUniversity or higher

121

42.76 ± 4.01

   

27.53 ± 5.45

   

Economic status

aFairly high

46

41.69 ± 3.16

   

24.70 ± 2.61

   

bHigh

355

43.09 ± 3.53

14.893*

0.002

a-b, b-c

28.77 ± 5.32

31.144*

0.000

a-b, a-c,

cModerate

189

42.41 ± 4.01

   

27.23 ± 4.92

  

b-c

dPoor

10

42.70 ± 3.30

   

28.69 ± 8.51

   

Occupation

  

a Housewife

122

42.98 ± 4.01

   

28.89 ± 5.39

   

bLaborer

116

42.54 ± 3.38

   

28.06 ± 5.05

   

cRetired

15

42.60 ± 2.41

8.436*

0.134

 

29.74 ± 6.15

28.350*

0.000

a-e, b-e,

dStudent

82

42.06 ± 3.49

   

28.29 ± 4.54

  

c-e, d-e,

e Civil servant

94

42.22 ± 2.77

   

25.55 ± 3.98

  

f-e

fTradesman

171

43.42 ± 4.14

   

28.28 ± 5.68

   

Evaluation of health status

  

aGreat

28

42.14 ± 6.93

   

26.10 ± 5.72

   

bGood

448

42.88 ± 3.49

7.136*

0.068

 

28.42 ± 4.95

27.473*

0.000

a-b, b-c

cModerate

114

42.57 ± 3.30

   

26.73 ± 5.50

   

dPoor

10

41.50 ± 3.02

   

27.40 ± 8.94

   

Any disease requiring regular medication

 Yes

90

42.16 ± 3.18

-1.552**

0.121

 

27.51 ± 5.55

-1.48**

0.251

 

 No

510

42.87 ± 3.75

   

28.05 ± 5.16

   

The source from which health information is obtained

   

aHealthcare professionals

248

43.35 ± 4.24

21.126*

  

29.73 ± 4.46

99.12*

  

bTV/Radio

136

42.52 ± 3.13

  

a-d, b-d,

26.67 ± 5.70

  

a-d, b-d,

cPrinted press

43

41.90 ± 2.57

 

0.001

c-d, e-d,

25.78 ± 5.09

 

0.000

c-d, e-d,

dInternet

97

43.32 ± 3.39

  

f-d

28.58 ± 5.23

  

f-d

eFamily members

46

41.30 ± 2.51

   

25.06 ± 4.11

   

fFriends

32

41.18 ± 3.49

   

25.02 ± 4.80

   

The type of health facility first applied to in case of a need

  

aFamily healthcare center

142

42.20 ± 3.29

   

25.32 ± 3.78

   

bState hospital

406

42.77 ± 3.43

5.764*

0.056

 

28.80 ± 5.32

49.073*

0.000

a-b, a-c

cPrivate hospital

52

44.30 ± 5.65

   

28.75 ± 5.49

   

Smoking status

   

aStill smoking

326

43.09 ± 3.51

   

28.94 ± 5.43

   

bGiven up

158

41.67 ± 2.53

20.456*

0.000

a-b, b-c

26.57 ± 4.09

24.188*

0.000

a-b, a-c

cNever smoked

116

43.35 ± 4.96

   

27.12 ± 5.46

   

Drinking alcohol

  

 Yes

166

44.56 ± 4.67

-7.275**

0.000

 

31.11 ± 5.82

-8.339**

0.000

 

 No

434

42.08 ± 2.95

   

26.77 ± 4.43

   
  1. * Kruskal Wallis Test
  2. **Mann-Whitney U Test
  3. *** Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U test was used as post-hoc procedure to determine the source of the difference as a result of the Kruskal-Wallis Test
  4. a-f Post-hoc analysis