Risk and protective factors for anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Characteristics of participants (n = 19,802)

Characteristics, n (%)	All participants (n = 19,802)
Age, year
14–24	11,630 (58.7)
25–35	5746 (29.0)
36–55	2426 (12.3)
Male	10,121 (51.1)
Body mass index, kg/m²
< 18.5	4232 (21.4)
18.5–23.9	11,553 (58.3)
> 23.9	4017 (20.3)
Race
The Hans	19,075 (96.3)
Other	727 (3.7)
Smoking status^a
Current smoker	1704 (8.6)
Former smoker	764 (3.9)
Non-smoker	17,334 (87.5)
Drinking status^b
Current drinker	3057 (15.4)
Former drinker	2116 (10.7)
Non-drinker	14,629 (73.9)
Job
Student or employee	16,648 (84.1)
Self-employed	2096 (10.6)
Retired and unemployed	1058 (5.3)
Front-line medical personnel	964 (4.9)
In Hubei Province in the past month	1016 (5.1)
Meeting relatives or friends coming from Hubei in the past month	1159 (5.9)
Quarantine^c	1175 (5.9)
Exposure to wild animals	436 (2.2)
Gatherings & meetings^d	6027 (30.4)
Wearing masks	17,621 (89.0)
Regular physical activity^e	10,952 (55.3)
Suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection	571 (2.9)
Contact history^f	3004 (15.2)
Knowledge about personal protective measures	15,418 (77.9)
Present symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection^g	827 (4.2)
Chronic disease^h	558 (2.8)
Chronic disease classification, n (%)
Respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease	49 (0.2)
Simple respiratory disease	111 (0.6)
Simple cardiovascular disease	251 (1.3)
Other	147 (0.7)
Without chronic disease	19,244 (97.2)

^aCurrent smoker was defined as an adult who has smoked 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime and who currently smokes cigarettes; former smoker was defined as an adult who has smoked at least 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime but who had quit smoking at the time of interview; while non-smoker was defined as an adult who has never smoked, or who has smoked less than 100 cigarettes in his or her lifetime
^bCurrent drinker was defined as at least 12 drinks in the past year; former drinker was defined as at least 12 drinks in any one year in lifetime but no drinks in past year; while non-drinker was defined as fewer than 12 drinks in lifetime
^cBeen or are in quarantine for this outbreak, including mandatory isolation and self-isolation at home/hotel
^dBeen to a company meeting or a family dinner in the last two weeks
^eRegular physical activity was defined as regular exercise within the recent six months
^fClose contact with a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19 without taking precautions
^gIncluding fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue, nasal congestion, headache, vomiting and diarrhea
^hIncluding hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic bronchitis, heart disease, gout, thyroid nodules, thyroid cancer, and lung cancer

ISSN: 1471-2458