Table 3 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with low adverse birth outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa

 15–19

1478

2917

1

1

 20–29

12,181

27,074

0.91 (0.85 0.98)

0.95 (0.89 1.02)

 30–39

8217

19,108

0.91 (0.85 0.98)

0.98 (0.91 1.07)

 40–49

1787

4091

0.86 (0.86 1.02)

0.99 (0.89 1.09)

 Male

12,215

26,749

1

1

 Female

11,448

26,441

0.94 (0.91 0.97)

0.94 (0.91 0.97)*

 Urban

8204

20,621

1

1

 Rural

15,459

32,569

1.15 (1.11 1.19)

1.02 (0.98 1.06)

 No formal education

4669

10,489

1

1

 Primary education

10,956

20,876

1.00 (0.96 1.05)

1.04 (0.99 1.09)

 Secondary and above

8038

21,825

0.80 (0.76 0.84)

0.87 (0.82 0.92)*

 Yes

7949

16,957

0.89 (0.86 0.92)

0.97 (0.94 1.01)

 No

15,714

36,233

1

1

 Poor

9190

18,348

1

1

 Middle

4790

10,680

0.90 (0.86 0.94)

0.94 (0.90 0.98)*

 Rich

9683

24,162

0.82 (0.80 0.85)

0.92 (0.90 0.99)*

 Yes

13,396

31,908

1

1

 No

10,267

21,282

1.12 (1.09 1.16)

1.10 (1.06 1.13)*

 Big problems

9215

17,979

1.13 (1.09 1.17)

1.08 (1.04 1.11)*

 No big problem

14,448

35,211

1

1

 Yes

7488

14,460

0.80 (0.77 0.82)

0.86 (0.83 0.89)*

 No

16,175

38,730

1

1

 1–2 births

11,030

24,588

1

1

 3–5 births

8737

20,781

093 (0.90 0.96

0.88 (0.84 0.91)*

  > =6 births

3896

7821

1.07 (1.02 1.12)

0.97 (0.88 1.006)

  < 24 months

3014

6397

1

1

 24 and above months

20,649

46,973

0.96 (0.91 1.00)

0.95 (0.90 1.00)

 Yes

8617

17,774

1.23 (1.19 1.27)

1.18 (1.14 1.22)*

 No

15,046

35,416

1

1

 Single

22,198

51,981

1

 Twin

1465

1209

2.95 (2.95 3.19)

2.89 (2.67 3.14)*