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Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants according to tourist experiences at baseline

From: Tourism experiences and the lower risk of mortality in the Chinese elderly: a national cohort study

Characteristics

N

Tourism experiences

t2

P

Mean ± SD or n (%)

0 times within the past two years

≥1 times within the past two years

Total

8773 (92.15)

747 (7.85)

  

Basic demographic characteristics

 Age (years)

   

248.867

< 0.0001

   < 85

4417

3864 (87.48)

553 (12.52)

  

   ≥ 85

5103

4909 (96.20)

194 (3.80)

  

 Sex

   

25.202

< 0.0001

  Male

4263

3863 (90.62)

400 (9.38)

  

  Female

5257

4910 (93.40)

347 (6.60)

  

 Education

   

209.587

< 0.0001

  No school

5535

5286 (95.50)

249 (4.50)

  

  1 year or more

3944

3446 (87.37)

498 (12.63)

  

 Residence

  

93.101

< 0.0001

  Urban

4544

4061 (89.37)

483 (10.63)

  

  Rural

4976

4712 (94.69)

264 (5.31)

  

 Marital status

   

135.646

< 0.0001

  Unmarried

98

93 (94.90)

5 (5.10)

  

  Married

3586

3157 (88.04)

429 (11.96)

  

  Divorced or widowed

5806

5496 (94.66)

310 (5.34)

  

 Living pattern

   

1.291

0.256

  Living with family members

7647

7033 (91.97)

614 (8.03)

  

  Living alone/in an institution

1812

1681 (92.77)

131 (7.23)

  

Lifestyle characteristics

 Smoking status

   

21.957

< 0.0001

  Non-smoker

6254

5819 (93.04)

435 (6.96)

  

  Smoker

3218

2906 (90.30)

312 (9.70)

  

 Drinking status

   

23.601

< 0.0001

  Non-drinker

6467

6018 (93.06)

449 (6.94)

  

  Drinker

2956

2665 (90.16)

291 (9.84)

  

 Regular exercise

   

205.746

< 0.0001

  Yes

4302

3778 (87.82)

524 (12.18)

  

  No

5101

4887 (95.80)

214 (4.20)

  

 Leisure activities

9492

2.62 (±1.87)

4.40 (±1.77)

−26.274

< 0.0001

 Dietary diversity score

   

177.506

< 0.0001

  Poor

4868

4661 (95.75)

207 (4.25)

  

  Good

4648

4109 (88.40)

539 (11.60)

  

Health status

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

   

70.359

< 0.0001

  Underweight (< 18.5)

2379

2268 (95.33)

111 (4.67)

  

  Normal (18.5–24.9)

5398

4933 (91.39)

465 (8.61)

  

  Overweight (25–29.9)

1062

931 (87.66)

131 (12.34)

  

  Obese (≥30)

288

254 (88.19)

34 (11.81)

  

 Depression

   

89.841

< 0.0001

  Yes

1200

1102 (91.83)

98 (8.17)

  

  No

6725

6109 (90.84)

616 (9.16)

  

  Unknown

1595

1562 (97.93)

33 (2.07)

  

 Hypertension

   

15.416

< 0.0001

  Yes

2695

2444 (90.69)

251 (9.31)

  

  No

6414

5937 (92.56)

477 (7.44)

  

  Unknown

411

392 (95.38)

19 (4.62)

  

 Diabetes

   

34.445

< 0.0001

  Yes

393

333 (84.73)

60 (15.27)

  

  No

8629

7969 (92.35)

660 (7.65)

  

  Unknown

498

471 (94.58)

27 (5.42)

  

 Heart diseases

   

15.729

< 0.0001

  Yes

1155

1031 (89.26)

124 (10.74)

  

  No

7892

7300 (92.50)

592 (7.50)

  

  Unknown

473

442 (93.45)

31 (6.55)

  

 Stroke

   

2.1

0.35

  Yes

783

732 (93.49)

51 (6.51)

  

  No

8301

7640 (92.04)

661 (7.96)

  

  Unknown

436

401 (91.97)

35 (8.03)

  

 Cancer

   

9.012

0.011

  Yes

81

68 (83.95)

13 (16.05)

  

  No

8896

8197(92.14)

699 (7.86)

  

  Unknown

543

508 (93.55)

35 (6.45)

  

 Arthritis

   

6.986

0.030

  Yes

1319

1192 (90.37)

127 (9.63)

  

  No

7781

7190(92.40)

591 (7.60)

  

  Unknown

420

391 (93.10)

29 (6.90)

  

 Cognitive impairment

   

154.251

< 0.0001

  Yes

2349

2305 (98.13)

44 (1.87)

  

  No

7160

6457 (90.18)

703 (9.82)

  

 ADL in disability

   

103.425

< 0.0001

  Yes

2473

2395 (96.85)

78 (3.15)

  

  No

6825

6171 (90.42)

654 (9.58)

  

 Toothache or pain in the jaw joint more than once during the past 6 months

   

40.357

< 0.0001

  Yes

1654

1461 (88.33)

193 (11.67)

  

  No

7596

7062 (92.97)

534 (7.03)

  

Socioeconomic status

 Childhood SES

   

33.618

< 0.0001

  Yes

6315

5862 (92.83)

453 (7.17)

  

  No

2024

1804 (89.13)

220 (10.87)

  

  Unknown

1181

1107 (93.73)

74 (6.27)

  

 Adult SES

   

94.262

< 0.0001

  Good

1619

1395 (86.16)

224 (13.84)

  

  Poor

7800

7279 (93.32)

521 (6.68)

  
  1. Notes: Missing data: Basic demographic characteristics: education 41 (0.43%), marital status 30 (0.32%), and living pattern 61 (0.64%); Lifestyle characteristics: smoking status 48 (0.50%), drinking status 97 (1.02%), regular exercise 117 (1.23%), leisure activities 28 (0.29%), DDS 4 (0.04%); health status: BMI 393 (4.13%), cognitive impairment 11 (0.12%), ADL in disability 222 (2.33%), toothache or pain in the jaw joint more than once during the past 6 months 270 (2.84%); socioeconomic status: adult SES 101 (1.06%)