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Fig. 5 | BMC Public Health

Fig. 5

From: Fine-scale variation in malaria prevalence across ecological regions in Madagascar: a cross-sectional study

Fig. 5

Distribution of infections among households. A. Regional prevalence and community prevalence vs household level prevalence (the percentage of households in a community with malaria infections). Dashed blue line is the expected household prevalence from the random distribution of infections among households with a mean of 4.8 individuals per household (see methods). B. Comparing the observed number of households with one or more infections for a community (shown with red dots) to the distribution expected from simulations using observed household structure and the observed community prevalence. 95% confidence intervals, as determined by permutation (10,000 replicates), and the median are shown in gray. Within regions, communities are ranked by prevalence. Communities with significant deviations from the null expectation obtained from simulations are shown with the red dot outside of the gray bars representing the 95% confidence intervals of expected values if infections were randomly distributed

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