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Table 3 Prevalence and characteristics of alcohol consumption per site and per gender

From: Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of tobacco and alcohol use in four sub-Saharan African countries: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults

 

Agincourt

Digkale

Nairobi

Nanoro

Navrongo

Soweto

All Men

All Women

 

Men (573)

Women (892)

p-value

Men (355)

Women (810)

p-value

Men (886)

Women (1056)

p-value

Men (1045)

Women (1039)

p-value

Men (923)

Women (1091)

p-value

Men (1025)

Women (1005)

p-value

N = 4807

N = 5893

p-value

Alcohol use

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

     

< 0.001

Never Consumed

187 (32.64%)

731 (81.95%)

 

55 (15.45%)

561 (69.43%)

 

257 (29.01%)

758 (71.78%)

 

273 (26.22%)

277 (26.74%)

 

71 (7.71%)

231 (21.21%)

 

299 (29.17%)

–

 

1142 (23.79%)

2558 (52.41%)

 

Current non-problematic

218 (38.08%)

52 (05.83%)

 

77 (21.63%)

45 (05.57%)

 

174 (19.64%)

32 (03.03%)

 

544 (52.26%)

521 (50.19%)

 

252 (27.36%)

426 (39.12%)

 

726 (70.83%)

–

 

1991 (41.97%)

1075 (22.02%)

 

Current problematic

18 (03.14%)

2 (0.22%)

 

142 (39.89%)

57 (07.05%)

 

126 (14.22%)

30 (02.84%)

 

160 (15.37%)

100 (09.65%)

 

461 (50.05%)

167 (15.34%)

 

–

–

 

906 (18.87%)

356 (07.29%)

 

Former consumer

150 (26.18%)

107 (12.00%)

 

82 (23.03%)

145 (17.95%)

 

329 (37.13%)

236 (22.35%)

 

64 (06.15%)

139 (13.42%)

 

137 (14.88%)

265 (24.33%)

 

–

–

 

762 (15.87%)

892 (18.27%)

 

Problems with drinking

Felt should cut down?

17 (02.97%)

2 (0.22%)

< 0.001

140 (39.33%)

65 (08.01%)

< 0.001

137 (15.46%)

31 (02.94%)

< 0.001

208 (19.90%)

126 (12.13%)

< 0.001

543 (58.83%)

282 (25.85%)

< 0.001

NA

NA

 

1045 (21.73%)

506 (08.58%)

< 0.001

People have criticized

8 (01.40%)

1 (0.11%)

0.002

90 (25.28%)

33 (04.07%)

< 0.001

95 (10.72%)

27 (02.56%)

< 0.001

136 (13.01%)

94 (09.05%)

0.010

347 (37.59%)

117 (10.72%)

< 0.001

NA

NA

 

676 (14.06%)

272 (04.62%)

< 0.001

Guilty?

10 (01.75%)

1 (0.11%)

< 0.001

121 (33.99%)

54 (06.66%)

< 0.001

127 (14.33%)

27 (02.56%)

< 0.001

111 (10.62%)

51 (04.91%)

< 0.001

441 (47.78%)

170 (15.58%)

< 0.001

NA

NA

 

810 (16.85%)

303 (05.14%)

< 0.001

Alcohol first in the morning?

30 (05.24%)

3 (0.34%)

< 0.001

121 (33.99%)

20 (02.47%)

< 0.001

51 (05.76%)

10 (0.95%)

< 0.001

87 (08.33%)

63 (06.06%)

0.136

229 (24.81%)

49 (04.49%)

< 0.001

NA

NA

 

518 (10.77%)

145 (02.46%)

< 0.001

> 6 alcoholic drinks

98 (17.10)

11 (01.23%)

< 0.001

136 (38.20%)

49 (06.04%)

< 0.001

43 (04.85%)

9 (0.85%)

< 0.001

166 (15.89%)

74 (07.12%)

< 0.001

18 (01.95%)

5 (0.46%)

0.007

NA

NA

 

461 (09.59%)

148 (02.51%)

< 0.001

Type of consumption

Beer

139 (24.26%)

24 (02.69%)

< 0.001

217 (60.96%)

98 (12.08%)

< 0.001

334 (37.70%)

190 (17.99%)

< 0.001

154 (14.74%)

13 (01.25%)

< 0.001

250 (27.09%)

158 (14.48%)

< 0.001

593 (57.85%)

NA

 

1687 (35.09%)

483 (08.19%)

< 0.001

Home brew

85 (14.83%)

22 (02.47%)

< 0.001

73 (20.51%)

34 (04.19%)

< 0.001

361 (40.74%)

120 (11.36%)

< 0.001

223 (21.34%)

393 (37.82%)

< 0.001

675 (73.13%)

772 (70.76%)

< 0.001

25 (02.44%)

NA

 

1442 (29.99%)

1341 (22.75%)

< 0.001

Spirits

7 (01.22%)

1 (0.11%)

< 0.001

3 (0.85%)

2 (0.25%)

< 0.001

25 (02.82%)

7 (0.66%)

< 0.001

60 (05.74%)

7 (0.67%)

< 0.001

629 (68.15%)

391 (35.84%)

< 0.001

59 (05.76%)

NA

 

783 (16.29%)

408 (06.92%)

< 0.001

Wine

3 (0.52%)

3 (0.34%)

< 0.001

2 (0.56%)

25 (03.08%)

< 0.001

5 (0.56%)

4 (0.38%)

< 0.001

5 (0.48%)

7 (0.67%)

0.803

33 (03.58%)

11 (01.01%)

< 0.001

41 (04.00%)

NA

 

89 (01.85%)

50 (0.85%)

< 0.001

Other

1 (0.17%)

4 (0.45%)

0.380

11 (03.10%)

87 (10.74%)

< 0.001

1 (0.11%)

0 (0.00%)

0.275

411 (39.33%)

345 (33.21%)

0.007

4 (0.43%)

3 (0.27%)

< 0.001

54 (05.27%)

NA

 

482 (10.02%)

439 (07.45%)

< 0.001

Frequency of consumption

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

     

< 0.001

Current Non-consumers

337 (58.81%)

838 (93.95%)

 

137 (38.59%)

710 (87.65%)

 

588 (66.37%)

994 (94.13%)

 

345 (33.01%)

423 (40.71%)

 

211 (22.86%)

506 (46.38%)

 

NA

NA

 

2643 (54.98%)

4476 (75.95%)

 

Daily

37 (06.46%)

4 (0.45%)

 

12 (03.38%)

0 (0.00%)

 

78 (08.80%)

12 (01.14%)

 

284 (27.18%)

107 (10.30%)

 

125 (13.54%)

60 (05.50%)

 

NA

NA

 

536 (11.15%)

183 (03.11%)

 

5–6 days per week

35 (06.11%)

3 (0.34%)

 

7 (01.97%)

0 (0.00%)

 

6 (0.68%)

1 (0.09%)

 

97 (09.28%)

44 (04.23%)

 

263 (28.39%)

128 (11.73%)

 

NA

NA

 

407 (08.47%)

176 (02.99%)

 

1–4 days per week

66 (11.52%)

7 (0.78%)

 

137 (38.59%)

35 (04.32%)

 

129 (14.56%)

28 (02.65%)

 

268 (25.65%)

354 (34.07%)

 

272 (29.47%)

312 (28.60%)

 

NA

NA

 

872 (18.14%)

736 (12.49%)

 

1–3 days per month

60 (10.47%)

18 (02.02%)

 

61 (17.18%)

59 (07.28%)

 

58 (06.55%)

12 (01.14%)

 

43 (04.11%)

93 (08.95%)

 

43 (04.66%)

65 (05.96%)

 

NA

NA

 

265 (05.51%)

247 (04.19%)

 

Less than once per month

38 (06.63%)

22 (02.47%)

 

1 (0.28%)

6 (0.74%)

 

27 (03.05%)

9 (0.85%)

 

8 (0.77%)

18 (01.73%)

 

10 (01.08%)

20 (01.83%)

 

NA

NA

 

84 (01.75%)

75 (01.27%)

 
  1. Categorical variables are presented as number and percentage. Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test (when Chi-squared test conditions were not fulfilled) were used to assess differences
  2. NA Variables not available at site
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