Table 2 Outcomes at pre- and post-test for pooled imputed datasets
From: Feasibility pilot of an adapted parenting program embedded within the Thai public health system
Outcome | Pre-test M (SD) | Post-test M (SD) | Test statistic* (p) | Effect sizeb | N |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcome | |||||
 Child maltreatment - physical & emotional abuse (ICAST-T), /200ac | 7.68 (7.02) | 3.63 (3.81) | - 5.00 (< 0.001) | - 0.58 | 59 |
  Physical abuse subscale, /120c | 3.58 (3.92) | 1.31 (2.01) | - 4.58 (< 0.001) | - 0.58 | 59 |
  Emotional abuse subscale, /80c | 4.10 (4.43) | 2.32 (2.90) | - 4.19 (< 0.001) | - 0.40 | 59 |
 HOME Inventory: Abusive & harsh parenting, /6 | 1.13 (1.05) | 0.58 (1.01) | - 3.71 (< 0.001) | - 0.52 | 60 |
Secondary outcomes | |||||
 Overall positive parenting (PARYC), /126 | 69.00 (17.14) | 80.75 (16.27) | 4.99d (< 0.001) | 0.69 | 60 |
  Supporting positive behavior subscale, /42 | 24.83 (5.60) | 28.73 (5.14) | 5.00d (< 0.001) | 0.70 | 60 |
  Setting limits subscale, /42 | 21.90 (7.89) | 26.95 (6.13) | 4.91d (< 0.001) | 0.64 | 60 |
  Proactive parenting subscale, /42 | 22.27 (6.93) | 25.07 (7.28) | 2.62d (0.011) | 0.40 | 60 |
 Dysfunctional parenting (PS), /70 | 26.13 (9.06) | 19.90 (8.13) | - 5.14 (< 0.001) | - 0.69 | 60 |
 Poor child monitoring & supervision (APQ), /55 | 15.87 (4.94) | 14.43 (4.14) | - 2.67 (0.008) | - 0.29 | 60 |
 Neglect (ICAST-T), /48c | 1.33 (2.22) | 0.34 (2.30) | - 3.35 (0.001) | - 0.45 | 59 |
 Overall depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21), /126 | 7.75 (7.26) | 4.27 (4.83) | - 3.44 (0.001) | - 0.48 | 60 |
  Depression subscale, /42 | 4.70 (5.80) | 2.17 (3.54) | - 3.31 (0.001) | - 0.44 | 60 |
  Anxiety subscale, /42 | 4.63 (4.95) | 2.43 (3.15) | - 3.11 (0.002) | - 0.45 | 60 |
  Stress subscale, /42 | 6.17 (5.07) | 3.93 (4.33) | - 2.74 (0.006) | - 0.44 | 60 |
 Attitudes supporting physical punishment (MICS), /23 | 1.98 (1.23) | 0.93 (1.02) | - 5.13 (< 0.001) | - 0.86 | 60 |
 Attitudes toward harsh discipline (ICAST-T), /20 | 10.30 (2.01) | 8.47 (1.72) | - 5.13 (< 0.001) | - 0.91 | 60 |
 Child behavior problems (ECBI) – Intensity subscale, /252 | 100.98 (28.66) | 78.28 (27.38) | - 5.28 (< 0.001) | - 0.79 | 60 |
 Child behavior problems (ECBI) – Problems subscale, /36 c | 7.68 (9.34) | 1.77 (4.83) | - 5.28 (< 0.001) | - 0.63 | 60 |
 Parent sense of inefficacy subscale (ICAST-T), /16 | 3.82 (3.42) | 1.92 (2.42) | - 4.00 (< 0.001) | - 0.56 | 59 |
 HOME Inventory: Overall caregiver-child relationships, /27 | 21.17 (3.63) | 24.08 (2.66) | 5.36 (< 0.001) | 0.80 | 60 |
  Parental responsivity subscale, /16c | 13.17 (2.61) | 14.25 (1.91) | 3.30 (0.001) | 0.42 | 60 |
  Encouragement of child maturity subscale, /6c | 4.50 (1.42) | 5.58 (0.91) | 4.93 (< 0.001) | 0.76 | 60 |
 Intimate partner violence subscale (CTS2S)/48 c | 1.08 (1.60) | 0.54 (1.05) | - 2.06 (0.039) | - 0.34 | 48e |
 Intimate partner negotiation subscale (CTS2S)/16 | 2.81 (2.92) | 3.15 (4.17) | - 0.32 (0.975) |  | 48e |
 Intimate partner coercion (WHO), /80 c | 3.50 (5.12) | 2.02 (3.50) | - 1.51 (0.132) |  | 48e |