Table 3 Descriptive analysis of the outpatient and inpatient sample
From: The impacts of health insurance on financial strain for people with chronic diseases
Outpatient financial strain | Inpatient financial strain | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No = 1458 | Yes = 281 | P-value | No = 473 | Yes = 561 | P-value | ||
Private insurance (%) | Have private insurance | 27 (1.9) | 5 (1.8) | 1.000 | 8 (1.7) | 10 (1.8) | 1.000 |
Public insurance(%) | Have public insurance | 1322 (90.7) | 237 (84.3) | 0.002 | 439 (92.8) | 511 (91.1) | 0.370 |
UEI | Have UEI | 168 (11.5) | 7 (2.5) | < 0.001 | 54 (11.4) | 26 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
URI | Have URI | 70 (4.8) | 16 (5.7) | 0.630 | 22 (4.7) | 24 (4.3) | 0.890 |
NRCI | Have NRCI | 947 (65.0) | 180 (64.1) | 0.826 | 322 (68.1) | 394 (70.2) | 0.496 |
EPI | Have EPI | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.7) | 0.704 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 1.000 |
SPI | Have SPI | 18 (1.2) | 1 (0.4) | 0.325 | 7 (1.5) | 7 (1.2) | 0.959 |
Age | 61.01 (10.62) | 61.49 (9.94) | 0.484 | 62.27 (10.17) | 60.91 (8.84) | 0.022 | |
Gender | Female | 821 (56.3) | 165 (58.7) | 0.496 | 264 (55.8) | 339 (60.4) | 0.151 |
Male | 637 (43.7) | 116 (41.3) | 209 (44.2) | 222 (39.6) | |||
Marital status | Married | 1118 (76.7) | 204 (72.6) | 0.001 | 373 (78.9) | 442 (78.8) | 0.252 |
Partnered | 113 (7.8) | 13 (4.6) | 25 (5.3) | 24 (4.3) | |||
Separated | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | |||
Divorced | 9 (0.6) | 4 (1.4) | 5 (1.1) | 5 (0.9) | |||
Widowed | 205 (14.1) | 50 (17.8) | 68 (14.4) | 79 (14.1) | |||
Never married | 11 (0.8) | 9 (3.2) | 1 (0.2) | 10 (1.8) | |||
Household size | 3.11 (1.42) | 2.93 (1.33) | 0.053 | 2.90 (1.29) | 3.01 (1.30) | 0.160 | |
Education | Less than lower secondary | 1306 (89.6) | 263 (93.6) | 0.082 | 406 (85.8) | 527 (93.9) | < 0.001 |
Upper secondary and vocational training | 131 (9.0) | 17 (6.0) | 54 (11.4) | 31 (5.5) | |||
Tertiary | 21 (1.4) | 1 (0.4) | 13 (2.7) | 3 (0.5) | |||
“Hukou” type | Agricultural “hukou” | 1188 (81.5) | 245 (87.2) | 0.119 | 378 (79.9) | 487 (86.8) | 0.005 |
Non-agricultural “hukou” | 245 (16.8) | 32 (11.4) | 87 (18.4) | 71 (12.7) | |||
Unified residence “hukou” | 22 (1.5) | 4 (1.4) | 7 (1.5) | 1 (0.2) | |||
Do not have “hukou” | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | |||
Income | 3717.21 (16,089.42) | 1247.16 (6016.25) | 0.011 | 2556.54 (8706.01) | 905.78 (3661.76) | < 0.001 | |
Health status | Excellent | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
Very good | 50 (3.4) | 5 (1.8) | 18 (3.8) | 11 (2.0) | |||
Good | 108 (7.4) | 13 (4.6) | 18 (3.8) | 12 (2.1) | |||
Fair | 852 (58.4) | 118 (42.0) | 230 (48.6) | 206 (36.7) | |||
Poor | 443 (30.4) | 145 (51.6) | 206 (43.6) | 330 (58.8) | |||
Functional limitation | Have functional limitation | 280 (19.2) | 78 (27.8) | 0.002 | 102 (21.6) | 148 (26.4) | 0.084 |
Number of chronic diseases | 2.08 (1.97) | 2.87 (2.16) | < 0.001 | 2.46 (2.12) | 2.96 (2.19) | < 0.001 | |