Table 4 Multilevel logistic analysis of predictors of non-communicable diseases
Variables | Model 2A contextual Migrants | Model 3A Individual migrants | Model 4A Behavioural Migrants | Model 5A Full Model Migrants | Model 2B contextual Non-migrants | Model 3B Individual Non-migrants | Model 4B Behavioural Non-Migrants | Model 5B Full model Non-migrants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual | ||||||||
 Gender | ||||||||
  Male |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Female |  | 1.42 (1.05–1.94)* |  | 1.29 (0.92–1.79) |  | 1.91 (1.57–2.32)* |  | 1.82 (1.48–2.25)* |
 Age | ||||||||
  15–24 years |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  25–64 years |  | 1.55 (0.65–3.70) |  | 1.55 (0.65–3.70) |  | 1.99 (1.24–3.18)* |  | 2.02 (1.26–3.23)* |
  65 + years |  | 5.80 (1.83–18.4)* |  | 6.02 (1.88–19.3)* |  | 11.3 (4.48–28.4(* |  | 11.3 (4.46–28.3)* |
 Race | ||||||||
  Blacks |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Non-Blacks |  | 1.99 (1.40–2.82)* |  | 1.99 (1.33–2.99)* |  | 1.79 (1.41–2.26)* |  | 1.57 (1.18–2.08)* |
 Income (Rands) | ||||||||
   < 5000 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  5000–10000 |  | 1.24 (0.83–1.85) |  | 1.20 (0.79–1.82) |  | 1.26 (0.96–1.64) |  | 1.28 (0.98–1.67) |
   > 10000 |  | 1.42 (0.91–2.22) |  | 1.39 (0.88–2.20) |  | 1.63 (1.19–2.23)* |  | 1.71 (1.25–2.34)* |
 Education | ||||||||
  Primary |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Secondary |  | 0.56 (0.35–0.89)* |  | 0.51 (0.32–0.83)* |  | 0.59 (0.45–0.77)* |  | 0.58 (0.44–0.76)* |
  Tertiary |  | 0.55 (0.33–0.92)* |  | 0.49 (0.29–0.83)* |  | 0.55 (0.40–0.76)* |  | 0.54 (0.39–0.75)* |
 Marital Status | ||||||||
  Never married |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  Married |  | 1.51 (1.06–2.15)* |  | 1.46 (1.01–2.11)* |  | 2.12 (1.71–2.64)* |  | 2.08 (1.67–2.59)* |
  Div/wid/seperated |  | 1.62 (0.90–2.89) |  | 1.52 (0.84–2.74) |  | 2.18 (1.50–3.17)* |  | 2.20 (1.51–3.22)* |
 Household Size | ||||||||
  1–3 persons |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |
  4–6 persons |  | 1.42 (1.02–1.97)* |  | 1.41 (1.00–1.97)* |  | 1.06 (0.86–1.32) |  | 1.07 (0.86–1.33) |
  7+ persons |  | 1.34 (0.78–2.30) |  | 1.45 (0.83–2.52) |  | 1.05 (0.81–1.36) |  | 1.06 (0.82–1.39) |
Behavioral | ||||||||
 Exercise | ||||||||
  No |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Yes |  |  | 0.72 (0.61–0.85)* | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) |  |  | 0.59 (0.54–0.66)* | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) |
 Smoking | ||||||||
  No |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |
  Yes |  |  | 0.76 (0.62–0.93)* | 0.63 (0.41–0.97)* |  |  | 0.80 (0.71–0.90)* | 0.73 (0.57–0.94)* |
Community | ||||||||
 Coastal Region | ||||||||
  No | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |
  Yes | 1.99 (1.22–3.25)* |  |  | 1.09 (0.48–2.49) | 2.36 (1.76–3.17)* |  |  | 2.53 (1.32–4.85)* |
 Residence | ||||||||
  Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |
  Urban | 1.10 (0.90–1.35) |  |  | 1.83 (1.14–2.92)* | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) |  |  | 0.90 (0.70–1.16) |
 Province | ||||||||
  Western Cape | 1.00 | 1.00 |  | 1.00 | 1.00 |  |  | 1.00 |
  Eastern Cape | 0.74 (0.48–1.15) |  |  | 1.47 (0.81–2.69) | 0.75 (0.58–0.96)* |  |  | 0.76 (0.47–1.23) |
  Northern Cape | 1.09 (0.68–1.77) |  |  | 1.33 (0.62–2.84) | 0.87 (0.67–1.14) |  |  | 0.99 (0.63–1.55) |
  Free State | 1.79 (1.06–3.02)* |  |  | 1.26 (0.49–3.24) | 1.72 (1.23–2.39)* |  |  | 1.78 (0.87–3.66) |
  KwaZulu-Natal | 0.54 (0.36–0.79)* |  |  | 1.02 (0.64–1.90) | 0.54 (0.43–0.68)* |  |  | 0.57 (0.36–0.90)* |
  North West | 1.31 (0.76–2.27) |  |  | 1.47 (0.56–3.89) | 1.65 (1.19–2.28)* |  |  | 1.72 (0.84–3.49) |
  Gauteng | 0.89 (0.54–1.45) |  |  | 0.87 (0.39–1.92) | 1.15 (0.84–1.59) |  |  | 1.35 (0.70–2.62) |
  Mpumalanga | 1.46 (0.86–2.47) |  |  | 0.89 (0.36–2.16) | 0.95 (0.67–1.36) |  |  | 1.37 (0.66–2.85) |
  Limpopo | 0.72 (0.60–0.95) |  |  | 0.43 (0.28–0.61) | 0.65 (0.41–0.98) |  |  | 0.89 (0.74–1.05) |
_cons | 0.17 (0.11–0.25)* | 0.07 (0.03–0.17)* | 0.29 (0.25–0.33)* | 0.05 (0.02–0.17)* | 0.13 (0.11–0.16)* | 0.05 (0.03–0.91)* | 0.24 (0.22–0.27)* | 0.04 (0.02–0.08)* |
Insig2u | −2.75(−3.63–1.87) | −13.3(−80–53.8) | −1.73(−2.34–1.12) | −13.7(−63.7–36.3) | −3.53(−4.24–2.24) | −2.40(−3.30–1.50) | −2.00(−2.48–1.53) | −2.72(−3.76–1.69) |
Sigma_u | 0.25 (0.16–0.39) | 0.02 (0.00–0.05) | 0.42 (0.31–0.57) | 0.01 (0.00–0.04) | 0.17 (0.12–0.24) | 0.30 (0.19–0.47) | 0.37 (0.29–0.47) | 0.26 (0.15–0.43) |
Rho | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | 0.04 (0.02–0.07) | 0.05 (0.03–0.09) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 0.01 (0.00–0.02) | 0.03 (0.01–0.06) | −.04 (0.02–0.06) | 0.02 (0.01–0.05) |