Table 3 Children attitude and behaviour by School
Primary school | Middle school | Total | OR | CI 95% | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attention span | ||||||
≤ 20 min | 317 (28.3) | 60 (13.6) | 377 (24.2) | 2.39 | (1.75–3.25) | < 0.0001 |
20 min- 1 h | 673 (60.1) | 304 (68.9) | 977 (62.6) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |
> 1 h | 129 (11.5) | 77 (17.5) | 206 (13.2) | 0.76 | (0.55–1.03) | |
Missing | 29 | 12 | 41 | |||
Breaks frequency | ||||||
Every 10 min | 239 (21.6) | 37 (8.4) | 276 (17.9) | 2.25 | (1.53–3.30) | < 0.0001 |
Every 20–30 min | 523 (47.2) | 182 (41.6) | 705 (45.6) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |
Every 1 h | 345 (31.2) | 219 (50.0) | 564 (36.5) | 0.55 | (0.43–0.70) | |
Missing | 41 | 15 | 56 | |||
Restlessness during distance learning | ||||||
Yes | 534 (48.3) | 179 (40.5) | 713 (46.1) | 1.37 | (1.10–1.72) | 0.0055 |
No | 572 (51.7) | 263 (59.5) | 835 (53.9) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |
Missing | 42 | 11 | 53 | |||
Distance learning duration | ||||||
≤ 2 h | 737 (65.5) | 89 (19.8) | 826 (52.5) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | < 0.0001 |
2–4 h | 340 (30.2) | 267 (59.5) | 607 (38.6) | 0.15 | (0.12–0.20) | |
4–6 h | 48 (4.3) | 93 (20.7) | 141 (9.0) | 0.06 | (0.04–0.09) | |
Missing | 23 | 4 | 27 | |||
Screen time other than distance learning | ||||||
≤ 2 h | 660 (66.8) | 133 (33.8) | 793 (57.4) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | < 0.0001 |
2–4 h | 302 (30.6) | 201 (51.1) | 503 (36.4) | 0.30 | (0.23–0.39) | |
4–6 h | 26 (2.6) | 59 (15.0) | 85 (6.2) | 0.09 | (0.05–0.15) | |
Missing | 160 | 60 | 220 | |||
Internet activities (flag) | ||||||
Videogames | 463 (43.2) | 264 (59.1) | 727 (47.9) | 0.53 | (0.42–0.66) | < 0.0001 |
Tutorial | 387 (36.1) | 197 (44.1) | 584 (38.5) | 0.72 | (0.57–0.90) | 0.0038 |
Film/ TV series | 778 (72.6) | 303 (67.8) | 1.081 (71.2) | 1.26 (0.99–1.60) | 0.0568 | |
Social | 122 (11.4) | 201 (45.0) | 323 (21.3) | 0.16 | (0.12–0.21) | < 0.0001 |
Study | 310 (28.9) | 174 (38.9) | 484 (31.9) | 0.64 | (0.51–0.81) | 0.0001 |
Missing | 77 | 6 | 83 | |||
Behaviour changes | ||||||
Yes | 692 (62.5) | 241 (54.5) | 933 (60.2) | 1.39 | (1.11–1.73) | 0.0040 |
No | 416 (37.5) | 201 (45.5) | 617 (39.8) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |
Missing | 40 | 11 | 51 | |||
Symptoms (flag) | ||||||
Restlessness | 459 (69.1) | 129 (56.6) | 588 (65.9) | 1.72 | (1.26–2.34) | 0.0006 |
Aggressiveness | 221 (33.3) | 57 (25.0) | 278 (31.2) | 1.50 | (1.06–2.10) | 0.0198 |
Anxiety | 176 (26.5) | 78 (34.2) | 254 (28.5) | 0.69 | (0.50–0.96) | 0.0261 |
Sleeping rhythm | 270 (40.7) | 96 (42.1) | 366 (41.0) | 0.94 | (0.69–1.28) | 0.7024 |
Mood lability | 107 (16.1) | 43 (18.9) | 150 (16.8) | 0.83 | (0.56–1.22) | 0.3390 |
Missing | 28 | 13 | 41 | |||
Restlessness | ||||||
No | 649 (59.3) | 313 (71.0) | 962 (62.7) | 1.00 | (Ref) | < 0.0001 |
Mild | 103 (9.4) | 45 (10.2) | 148 (9.6) | 1.10 | (0.76–1.61) | |
Moderate | 274 (25.0) | 72 (16.3) | 346 (22.5) | 1.84 | (1.37–2.46) | |
Severe | 68 (6.2) | 11 (2.5) | 79 (5.1) | 1.50 | (1.06–2.10) | |
Missing | 54 | 12 | 66 | |||
Aggressiveness | ||||||
No | 887 (81.8) | 385 (87.7) | 1.272 (83.5) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.0419 |
Mild | 41 (3.8) | 9 (2.1) | 50 (3.3) | 1.98 | (0.95–4.1) | |
Moderate | 117 (10.8) | 34 (7.7) | 151 (9.9) | 1.49 | (1.00–2.23) | |
Severe | 39 (3.6) | 11 (2.5) | 50 (3.3) | 1.54 | (0.78–3.04) | |
Missing | 64 | 14 | 78 | |||
Anxiety | ||||||
No | 932 (84.3) | 364 (82.4) | 1.296 (83.7) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.4920 |
Mild | 52 (4.7) | 24 (5.4) | 76 (4.9) | 0.85 | (0.51–1.39) | |
Moderate | 89 (8.0) | 44 (10.0) | 133 (8.6) | 0.79 | (0.54–1.16) | |
Severe | 33 (3.0) | 10 (2.3) | 43 (2.8) | 1.29 | (0.63–2.64) | |
Missing | 42 | 11 | 53 | |||
Sleeping rhythm | ||||||
No | 838 (76.3) | 346 (79.0) | 1184 (77.1) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.1512 |
Mild | 62 (5.6) | 13 (3.0) | 75 (4.9) | 1.97 | (1.07–3.63) | |
Moderate | 112 (10.2) | 48 (11.0) | 160 (10.4) | 0.96 | (0.67–1.38) | |
Severe | 86 (7.8) | 31 (7.1) | 117 (7.6) | 1.15 | (0.75–1.76) | |
Missing | 50 | 15 | 65 | |||
Mood lability | ||||||
No | 1001 (91.0) | 399 (90.5) | 1.400 (90.9) | 1.00 | (Ref) | 0.3359 |
Mild | 38 (3.5) | 10 (2.3) | 48 (3.1) | 1.51 | (0.75–3.07) | |
Moderate | 42 (3.8) | 24 (5.4) | 66 (4.3) | 0.70 | (0.42–1.17) | |
Severe | 19 (1.7) | 8 (1.8) | 27 (1.8) | 0.95 | (0.41–2.18) | |
Missing | 48 | 12 | 60 | |||