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Table 1 Socio-demographics mothers and children variables by School

From: Distance learning in Italian primary and middle school children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey

 

Primary school

Middle school

Total

OR

CI 95%

p-value

Mothers

 Age

42,5 (39,0 -46,0)

46,0 (43,0- 49,0)

44,0 (39–49)

  

< 0.0001

Region

 North

775 (68.1)

337 (75.6)

1.112 (70.2)

1.00

(Ref.)

0.0021

 Centre

214 (18.8)

52 (11.7)

266 (16.8)

1.79

(1.29–2.49)

 

 South

149 (13.1)

57 (12.8)

206 (13.0)

1.14

(0.82–1.58)

 

Missing

10

7

17

   

Education

 First level

187 (17.5)

95 (21.7)

282 (18.7)

0.64

(0.48–0.87)

0.0019

 Second level

352 (33.0)

170 (38.8)

522 (34.7)

0.68

(0.53–0.87)

 

 Tertiary level

528 (49.5)

173 (39.5)

701 (46.6)

1.00

(Ref.)

 

Missing

81

15

96

   

Actually employed

 Yes

684 (65.7)

286 (66.7)

970 (66.0)

1.00

(Ref.)

0.7238

 No

357 (34.3)

143 (33.3)

500 (34.0)

1.04

(0.82–1.32)

 

Missing

107

24

131

   

Work

 Employers

724 (65.2)

277 (63.5)

1.001 (64.7)

1.00

(Ref.)

0.5101

 Freelance

203 (18.3)

78 (17.9)

281 (18.2)

1.00

(0.74–1.34)

 

 Housewives

128 (11.5)

62 (14.2)

190 (12.3)

0.79

(0.57–1.10)

 

 Unemployed

56 (5.0)

19 (4.4)

75 (4.8)

   

Missing

37

17

54

   

Smart working

 Yes

408 (61.5)

181 (64.9)

589 (62.5)

1.00

(Ref.)

0.3342

 No

255 (38.5)

98 (35.1)

353 (37.5)

1.15

(0.86–1.54)

 

Missing

21

7

28

   

Difficulties balance work/child

 Yes

578 (87.8)

192 (69.6)

770 (82.4)

3.16

(2.23–4.47)

< 0.0001

 No

80 (12.2)

84 (30.4)

164 (17.6)

1.00

(Ref.)

 

Missing

26

10

36

   

Children

1148

453

1601

   

 Age

8,0 (7,0 - 9,0)

12,0 (11,0 - 13,0)

9,0 (7,0 - 11,0)

  

< 0.0001

Gender

 Female

545 (48.2)

213 (47.7)

758 (48.1)

0.98

(0.78–1.22)

0.8357

 Male

585 (51.8)

234 (52.3)

819 (51.9)

1.00

(Ref.)

 

Missing

18

6

24

   

Brothers/Sisters

 Yes

637 (57.9)

307 (70.1)

944 (61.4)

1.00

(Ref.)

< 0.0001

 No

463 (42.1)

131 (29.9)

594 (38.6)

1.70

(1.34–2.16)

 

Missing

48

15

63

   

Type of School

 Public

917 (88.8)

418 (93.9)

1.335 (90.3)

1.00

(Ref.)

0.0021

 Private

116 (11.2)

27 (6.1)

143 (9.7)

1.96

(1.27–3.02)

 

Missing

115

8

123

   

School performance

 No sufficient

11 (1.0)

8 (1.8)

19 (1.2)

0.48

(0.19–1.21)

< 0.0001

 Sufficient

94 (8.4)

65 (14.4)

159 (10.2)

0.50

(0.34–0.73)

 

 Good

305 (27.3)

180 (40.0)

485 (31.0)

0.59

(0.45–0.77)

 

 Very good

378 (33.9)

131 (29.1)

509 (32.5)

1.00

(Ref.)

 

 Excellent

328 (29.4)

66 (14.7)

394 (25.2)

1.72

(1.24–2.40)

 

Missing

32

3

35

   

Total

1148

435

1601