Table 4 Odds of self-reported antibiotic use by knowledge about infections and antibiotic resistance, and covariates. HSNI14/15

 0 (lowest knowledge)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 1

1.20 (0.73–1.98)

0.476

1.15 (0.65–2.01)

0.633

 2

1.24 (0.79–1.94)

0.358

1.19 (0.76–1.86)

0.452

 3

1.57 (1.15–2.12)

0.004

1.60 (1.16–2.20)

0.004

 4

1.29 (0.96–1.75)

0.094

1.35 (0.98–1.85)

0.064

 5

1.37 (1.02–1.86)

0.039

1.46 (1.06–2.00)

0.020

 6 (highest knowledge)

1.81 (1.32–2.47)

< 0.001

2.03 (1.46–2.81)

< 0.001

 Male

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 Female

1.57 (1.36–1.82)

< 0.001

1.54 (1.32–1.79)

< 0.001

 16–24

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 25–44

1.02 (0.77–1.37)

0.873

0.93 (0.69–1.25)

0.637

 45–64

0.91 (0.69–1.22)

0.539

0.71 (0.52–0.96)

0.024

 65+

1.20 (0.90–1.61)

0.211

0.85 (0.63–1.16)

0.305

 No

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 Yes

1.29 (1.09–1.53)

0.003

1.12 (0.94–1.35)

0.212

 Non-drinker

1.00 (ref)

 Drinker

0.92 (0.78–1.08)

0.314

 1(most deprived)

1.14 (0.91–1.43)

0.254

1.01 (0.80–1.28)

0.922

 2

0.95 (0.77–1.18)

0.656

0.94 (0.75–1.17)

0.591

 3

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 4

0.73 (0.59–0.90)

0.003

0.76 (0.61–0.95)

0.014

 5(least deprived)

0.70 (0.56–0.87)

0.001

0.73 (0.58–0.92)

0.007

 Good

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 Fairly

1.66 (1.41–1.96)

< 0.001

1.71 (1.43–2.04)

< 0.001

 Not good

3.43 (2.84–4.14)

< 0.001

3.53 (2.84–4.40)

< 0.001

 Satisfied

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

1.35 (1.05–1.73)

0.018

0.81 (0.62–1.07)

0.132

 Dissatisfied

2.26 (1.66–3.09)

< 0.001

1.21 (0.82–1.78)

0.335