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Table 2 Baseline characteristics, of the study population, stratified by ethnicity

From: Association between mode of delivery and body mass index at 4-5 years in White British and Pakistani children: the Born in Bradford birth cohort

  

All

White British

(n = 2908)

Pakistani

(n = 3502)

P value

n

%

n

%

n

%

Child BMI categorised

(n = 6410)

Underweight/Healthy weight

5432

84.74

2435

83.73

2997

85.58

0.041

Overweight

643

10.03

335

11.52

308

8.79

Obese

335

5.23

138

4.75

197

5.63

Child BMI z-score

(n = 6410)

Mean

0.24

0.43

0.08

< 0.0001

SD

1.12

0.97

1.21

Maternal age (years)

(n = 6410)

Mean

27.47

27.03

27.84

< 0.0001

SD

5.61

6.09

5.15

Maternal BMI at early pregnancy categorised

(n = 6135)

Underweight/Healthy weight

3019

49.21

1269

45.78

1750

52.04

< 0.0001

Overweight

1809

29.49

810

29.22

999

29.71

Obese

1307

21.30

693

25.00

614

18.26

Maternal BMI at early pregnancy (kg/m2)

(n = 6135)

Mean

26.09

26.80

25.50

< 0.0001

SD

5.69

5.97

5.39

Maternal education

(n = 6395)

< 5 GCSE equivalent

1502

23.49

577

19.87

925

26.50

< 0.001

5 GCSE equivalent

2155

33.70

1028

35.40

1127

32.28

A-level equivalent

876

13.70

458

15.77

418

11.97

Higher than A-level

1420

22.20

560

19.28

860

24.63

Foreign unknown/other

442

6.91

281

9.68

161

4.61

Maternal job status

(n = 6400)

Currently employed

2707

42.30

1924

66.21

783

22.41

< 0.001

Previously employed

1885

29.45

775

26.67

1110

31.77

Never employed

1808

28.25

207

7.12

1601

45.82

Maternal house tenure

(n = 6396)

Owns outright

1014

15.85

119

4.10

895

25.63

< 0.001

Mortgage

3236

50.59

1519

52.31

1717

49.17

Private landlord

964

15.07

654

22.52

310

8.88

Social housing

667

10.43

451

15.53

216

6.19

Rent free/other

515

8.05

161

5.54

354

10.14

Maternal benefits received

(n = 6385)

Yes

2733

42.80

1063

36.73

1670

47.84

< 0.001

No

3652

57.20

1831

63.27

1821

52.16

Maternal drinking of alcohol during pregnancy or 3 months before

(n = 6393)

Yes

2065

32.29

2055

70.72

10

0.29

< 0.001

No

4328

67.67

848

29.18

3480

99.71

Maternal smoking during pregnancy (n = 6396)

Yes

1066

16.67

961

33.08

105

3.01

< 0.001

No

5330

83.33

1944

66.92

3386

96.99

Parity

(n = 6137)

Primiparous

2388

38.91

1351

48.11

1037

31.15

< 0.001

Multiparous

3749

61.09

1457

51.89

2292

68.85

Maternal gestational diabetes

(n = 6404)

Yes

489

7.64

141

4.85

348

9.95

< 0.001

No

5915

92.36

2764

95.15

3151

90.05

Child gender

(n = 6410)

Male

3266

50.95

1487

51.13

1779

50.80

0.789

Female

3144

49.05

1421

48.87

1723

49.20

Child birthweight (g)

(n = 6410)

Mean

3238.10

3357.60

3138.86

< 0.0001

SD

544.78

550.53

519.56

Gestational period (days)

(n = 6410)

Mean

276.86

277.63

276.22

< 0.0001

SD

12.22

12.51

11.94

Gestational period

(n = 6410)

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

325

5.07

157

5.40

168

4.80

 

Term (≥37 weeks)

6085

94.93

2751

94.60

3334

95.20

0.300

  1. P values to provide the level of statistical evidence on the difference between White British and Pakistani ethnic groups; obtained from chi-squared tests or ANOVA, where appropriate
  2. Abbreviations: n sample size, BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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