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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, of the study population, stratified by mode of delivery

From: Association between mode of delivery and body mass index at 4-5 years in White British and Pakistani children: the Born in Bradford birth cohort

  

Vaginal

(n = 5049)

Caesarean

(n = 1361)

P value

n

%

n

%

Child BMI categorised

(n = 6410)

Underweight/Healthy weight

4303

85.22

1129

82.95

0.039

Overweight

490

9.70

153

11.24

Obese

256

5.07

79

5.80

Child BMI z-score

(n = 6410)

Mean

0.22

0.32

0.003

SD

1.11

1.15

Ethnicity

(n = 6410)

White British

2239

44.35

669

49.16

0.002

Pakistani

2810

55.65

692

50.84

Maternal age (years)

(n = 6410)

Mean

27.12

28.77

< 0.0001

SD

5.53

5.73

Maternal BMI at early pregnancy categorised

(n = 6135)

Underweight/Healthy weight

2502

51.83

517

39.53

< 0.0001

Overweight

1414

29.29

395

30.20

Obese

911

18.87

396

30.28

Maternal BMI at early pregnancy (kg/m2)

(n = 6135)

Mean

25.67

27.67

< 0.0001

SD

5.46

6.26

Maternal education

(n = 6395)

< 5 GCSE equivalent

1230

24.41

272

20.04

< 0.001

5 GCSE equivalent

1718

34.10

437

32.20

A-level equivalent

695

13.80

181

13.34

Higher than A-level

1058

21.00

362

26.68

Foreign unknown/other

337

6.69

105

7.74

Maternal job status

(n = 6400)

Currently employed

2029

40.24

678

49.93

< 0.001

Previously employed

1517

30.09

368

27.10

Never employed

1496

29.67

312

22.97

Maternal house tenure

(n = 6396)

Owns outright

807

16.02

207

15.25

0.055

Mortgage

2518

49.97

718

52.91

Private landlord

792

15.72

172

12.68

Social housing

522

10.36

145

10.69

Rent free/other

400

7.94

115

8.47

Maternal benefits received

(n = 6385)

Yes

2237

44.51

496

36.50

< 0.001

No

2789

55.49

863

63.50

Maternal drinking of alcohol during pregnancy or 3 months before

(n = 6393)

Yes

1570

31.17

495

36.42

0.001

No

3465

68.79

863

63.50

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

(n = 6396)

Yes

856

16.99

210

15.45

0.176

No

4181

83.01

1149

84.55

 

211

27.47

59

29.06

Parity

(n = 6137)

Primiparous

1802

37.22

586

45.22

< 0.001

Multiparous

3039

62.78

710

54.78

Maternal gestational diabetes

(n = 6404)

Yes

342

6.78

147

10.83

< 0.001

No

4705

93.22

1210

89.17

Child gender

(n = 6410)

Male

2548

50.47

718

52.76

0.134

Female

2501

49.53

643

47.24

Child birthweight (g)

(n = 6410)

Mean

3244.10

3215.84

0.089

SD

503.61

675.73

Gestational period (days)

(n = 6410)

Mean

277.67

273.90

< 0.0001

SD

11.09

15.34

Gestational period

(n = 6410)

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

208

4.12

117

8.60

< 0.0001

Term (≥37 weeks)

4841

95.88

1244

91.40

  1. P values to provide the level of statistical evidence on the difference between mode of delivery; obtained from chi-squared tests or ANOVA, where appropriate
  2. Abbreviations: n sample size, BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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