Table 2 Theory-based messages included in the comic book

Perceived susceptibility

Increase perceived susceptibility

“HPV is so common that almost everyone will be infected at some point.”

“Most people infected will never know.”

Perceived severity

Specify consequences of the risk and condition

“… cause disease and trouble like cancer.”

Perceived benefits

Define action to take; clarify the expected positive effects

“The vaccine will protect you from cancer in the future.”

“so we will not get sick in the future from something we could have prevented.”

“It’s an easy step that you can take now to prevent cancer in the future.”

Perceived barriers

Identify and reduce barriers through reassurance, incentives, assistance

“I’ve always hated shots because they hurt.”

“No grandma, the doctor said that it does not have pork gelatin.”

Cues to action

Provide how-to information; promote awareness; give reminders

“Talk to your parents, nurses, and doctors about the HPV vaccine.”

Self-efficacy

Provide training and guidance in performing action

“… I am sure I can ask my parents to talk to my doctor about the HPV vaccine.”

“… I am sure I can get the HPV vaccine.”