Variable | 1st quartile | 2nd quartile | 3rd quartile | 4th quartile | p-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Categories | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | Â |
Place of residence | |||||||||
 Urban | 2804 | (31.6) | 1647 | (18.5) | 2363 | (26.6) | 2072 | (23.3) | < 0.001* |
 Rural | 1185 | (54.1) | 430 | (19.6) | 391 | (17.9) | 184 | (8.4) |  |
Sex | |||||||||
 Female | 2256 | (33.7) | 1286 | (19.2) | 1684 | (25.2) | 1460 | (21.8) | < 0.001* |
 Male | 1690 | (39.3) | 773 | (18.0) | 1048 | (24.4) | 785 | (18.3) |  |
Age | |||||||||
 Mean ± sd | 40.09 ± 17.17 | 37.84 ± 16.16 | 36.93 ± 14.98 | 35.18 ± 13.52 | < 0.001‡ | ||||
Completed years of schooling | |||||||||
 Mean ± sd | 4.44 ± 3.80 | 4.57 ± 3.77 | 5.00 ± 4.02 | 5.94 ± 4.32 | < 0.001‡ | ||||
Nr. of household rooms | |||||||||
 Mean ± sd | 2.52 ± 1.22 | 2.76 ± 1.31 | 2.74 ± 1.36 | 3.26 ± 1.45 | < 0.001‡ | ||||
Nr. of household residents | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||
 Mean ± sd | 3.88 ± 2.56 | 4.52 ± 2.70 | 4.59 ± 2.68 | 5.36 ± 2.70 | < 0.001‡ | ||||
Crowding | |||||||||
 Not crowding | 3668 | (36.4) | 1891 | (18.7) | 2455 | (24.3) | 2074 | (20.6) | < 0.001* |
 Overcrowding | 321 | (32.5) | 186 | (18.8) | 299 | (30.3) | 182 | (18.4) |  |
Kitchen | |||||||||
 Yes | 1433 | (30.1) | 913 | (19.2) | 1158 | (24.3) | 1257 | (26.4) | < 0.001* |
 No | 2556 | (40.5) | 1164 | (18.4) | 1596 | (25.3) | 999 | (15.8) |  |
Latrine | |||||||||
 Yes | 2576 | (32.0) | 1513 | (18.8) | 2073 | (25.8) | 1878 | (23.4) | < 0.001* |
 No | 1413 | (46.6) | 564 | (18.6) | 681 | (22.4) | 377 | (12.4) |  |
Do household members own | |||||||||
 Electricity Yes | 2535 | (30.6) | 1564 | (18.9) | 2158 | (26.0) | 2028 | (24.5) | < 0.001* |
 No | 1451 | (52.1) | 511 | (18.3) | 596 | (21.4) | 228 | (8.2) |  |
 Generator Yes | 365 | (24.3) | 278 | (18.5) | 372 | (24.7) | 490 | (32.6) | < 0.001* |
 No | 3622 | (37.9) | 1799 | (18.8) | 2381 | (24.9) | 1766 | (18.5) |  |
 Radio Yes | 1938 | (30.6) | 1155 | (18.2) | 1696 | (26.8) | 1544 | (24.4) | < 0.001* |
 No | 2050 | (43.3) | 922 | (19.5) | 1057 | (22.3) | 710 | (15.0) |  |
 Television Yes | 2305 | (28.8) | 1520 | (19.0) | 2139 | (26.7) | 2045 | (25.5) | < 0.001* |
 No | 1683 | (54.9) | 556 | (18.1) | 615 | (20.1) | 210 | (6.9) |  |
 Cell phone Yes | 2627 | (30.5) | 1605 | (18.7) | 2268 | (26.4) | 2104 | (24.5) | < 0.001* |
 No | 1361 | (55.1) | 472 | (19.1) | 486 | (19.7) | 150 | (6.1) |  |
 Satellite dish Yes | 1656 | (26.1) | 1189 | (18.7) | 1679 | (26.5) | 1820 | (28.7) | < 0.001* |
 No | 2331 | (49.3) | 888 | (18.8) | 1073 | (22.7) | 435 | (9.2) |  |
 Fridge Yes | 307 | (19.3) | 256 | (16.1) | 425 | (26.7) | 602 | (37.9) | < 0.001* |
 No | 3681 | (38.8) | 1820 | (19.2) | 2329 | (24.6) | 1650 | (17.4) |  |
 Freezer Yes | 1526 | (26.2) | 1136 | (19.5) | 1464 | (25.1) | 1701 | (29.2) | < 0.001* |
 No | 2462 | (47.0) | 940 | (17.9) | 1288 | (24.6) | 552 | (10.5) |  |
 Car Yes | 235 | (17.1) | 215 | (15.7) | 338 | (24.6) | 585 | (42.6) | < 0.001* |
 No | 3752 | (38.7) | 1862 | (19.2) | 2416 | (24.9) | 1671 | (17.2) |  |
Drinking water source | |||||||||
 Improved | 1901 | (29.4) | 1174 | (18.2) | 1817 | (28.1) | 1574 | (24.3) | < 0.001* |
 Unimproved | 2077 | (45.5) | 896 | (19.6) | 927 | (20.3) | 664 | (14.5) |  |
Household members use to | |||||||||
 Watch television Yes | 2517 | (29.8) | 1599 | (18.9) | 2231 | (26.4) | 2111 | (25.0) | < 0.001* |
 No | 1472 | (56.2) | 478 | (18.3) | 523 | (20.0) | 145 | (5.5) |  |
 Listen to the radio Yes | 1453 | (30.1) | 774 | (16.0) | 1371 | (28.4) | 1236 | (25.6) | < 0.001* |
 No | 2536 | (40.6) | 1303 | (20.9) | 1383 | (22.2) | 1020 | (16.3) |  |
 Read newspaper Yes | 194 | (14.6) | 191 | (14.4) | 398 | (30.0) | 543 | (41.0) | < 0.001* |
 No | 3795 | (38.9) | 1886 | (19.3) | 2356 | (24.2) | 1713 | (17.6) |  |
Associative filiation | |||||||||
 Yes | 2442 | (32.3) | 1314 | (17.4) | 1997 | (26.4) | 1802 | (23.9) | < 0.001* |
 No | 1546 | (43.9) | 762 | (21.7) | 757 | (21.5) | 454 | (12.9) |  |
Distance to the health facility | |||||||||
  < 2 km | 2469 | (32.4) | 1453 | (19.1) | 2018 | (26.5) | 1677 | (22.0) | < 0.001* |
 2–10 km | 806 | (36.5) | 396 | (17.9) | 509 | (23.0) | 500 | (22.6) |  |
  > 10 km | 714 | (57.2) | 228 | (18.3 | 227 | (18.2) | 79 | (6.3) |  |
Household income | |||||||||
  < =10,000 AOA | 996 | (41.7) | 366 | (15.3) | 695 | (29.1) | 330 | (13.8) |  |
 v10,001–30,000 AOA | 1340 | (27.9) | 912 | (19.0) | 1304 | (27.2) | 1245 | (25.9) | < 0.001* |
  >  30,000 AOA | 494 | (31.1) | 200 | (12.6) | 369 | (23.2) | 526 | (33.1) |  |
Nr. of residents with a | |||||||||
 fixed salary Mean ± sd | 0.42 ± 0.56 | 0.62 ± 0.65 | 0.70 ± 0.68 | 0.93 ± 0.74 | < 0.001‡ | ||||
 Proportion of residents with a fixed salary Mean ± sd | 0.13 ± 0.23 | 0.17 ± 0.24 | 0.19 ± 0.27 | 0.22 ± 0.26 | < 0.001‡ | ||||
Health care needs # | |||||||||
 Yes | 1783 | (32.7) | 1034 | (19.0) | 1417 | (26.0) | 1218 | (22.3) | < 0.001* |
 No | 2204 | (39.2) | 1042 | (18.5) | 1337 | (23.8) | 1036 | (18.4) |  |
 If yes, did he/she Yes | 1697 | (33.0) | 981 | (19.1) | 1341 | (26.1) | 1127 | (21.9) | 0,014* |
 sought for help No | 86 | (28.1) | 53 | (17.3) | 76 | (24.8) | 91 | (29.7) |  |
Sought for help | |||||||||
 Informal sources | 129 | (41.3) | 59 | (18.9) | 81 | (26.0) | 43 | (13.8) | 0.001* |
 Health care services | 1568 | (32.4) | 922 | (19.1) | 1260 | (26.1) | 1084 | (22.4) |  |
Bed net ownership | |||||||||
 Yes | 1318 | (37.5) | 651 | (18.5) | 826 | (23.5) | 721 | (20.5) | 0,035* |
 No | 2593 | (35.1) | 1397 | (18.9) | 1898 | (25.7) | 1507 | (20.4) |  |
Nr. of bednets in the household | |||||||||
 Mean ± sd | 1.87 ± 1.12 | 1.95 ± 1.06 | 2.12 ± 1.29 | 2.39 ± 1.43 | < 0.001‡ | ||||
Slept under a bednet ## | |||||||||
 Yes | 1065 | (39.0) | 484 | (17.7) | 651 | (23.8) | 533 | (19.5) | 0,001* |
 No | 2846 | (34.8) | 1564 | (19.1) | 2073 | (25.3) | 1695 | (20.7) |  |
Season of the interview | |||||||||
 Rainy | 1577 | (33.9) | 864 | (18.6) | 1104 | (23.8) | 1102 | (23.7) | 0,001* |
 Dry | 2412 | (37.5) | 1213 | (18.9) | 1650 | (25.7) | 1154 | (17.9) |  |