Table 1 a Baseline characteristics of the normal BMD and the low BMD in all study populations
|  | Overall (N = 1419) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Normal BMD | Low BMD | P-value |
Age (years) | 49.03 ± 10.87 | 59.82 ± 8.59 | < 0.0001 |
Height (cm) | 163.08 ± 8.15 | 158.80 ± 7.66 | < 0.0001 |
Weight (kg) | 64.48 ± 11.25 | 58.91 ± 9.28 | < 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.14 ± 3.11 | 23.31 ± 2.90 | < 0.0001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 124.76 ± 19.16 | 128.35 ± 19.19 | 0.0010 |
DBP (mmHg) | 76.60 ± 11.96 | 76.64 ± 11.66 | 0.9474 |
Fracture | 102 (10.64%) | 81 (17.61%) | 0.0002 |
Hyperthyroidism | 20 (2.09%) | 13 (2.83%) | 0.3863 |
Hypertension | 139 (14.49%) | 90 (19.57%) | 0.0151 |
CHD | 9 (0.94%) | 18 (3.91%) | 0.0001 |
DM | 58 (6.05%) | 40 (8.70%) | 0.0657 |
Chronic gastrointestinal disease | 104 (10.84%) | 61 (13.26%) | 0.4097 |
Chronic renal failure | 50 (5.21%) | 25 (5.43%) | 0.8617 |
Gout | 31 (3.23%) | 6 (1.30%) | 0.0329 |
Malignant tumor | 7 (0.73%) | 4 (0.87%) | 0.7789 |
Estrogen drugs | 5 (0.52%) | 11 (2.39%) | <.0001 |
Corticosteroids | 3 (0.21) | 1 (0.22%) | 0.7510 |
Calcium tablet | 167 (17.41%) | 151 (32.83%) | <.0001 |
Smoking | 233 (24.30%) | 87 (18.91%) | 0.0231 |
Drinking | 371 (38.69%) | 116 (25.22%) | <.0001 |
Cooking | 456 (47.55%) | 299 (65.00%) | <.0001 |
The nature of work | 0.0003 | ||
 sedentary | 462 (48.18%) | 169 (36.74%) |  |
 light activity | 455 (47.45%) | 268 (58.26%) |  |
 manual labor | 42 (4.38%) | 23 (5.00%) |  |
The main mode of transportation to work | <.0001 | ||
 working at home | 250 (26.07%) | 128 (27.83%) |  |
 walking | 221 (23.04%) | 78 (16.69%) |  |
 taking buses | 172 (17.94%) | 197 (42.83%) |  |
 driving | 316 (32.95%) | 57 (12.39%) |  |
Do the household work | <.0001 | ||
 Never | 101 (10.53%) | 43 (9.35%) |  |
 Occasionally | 455 (47.45%) | 143 (31.09%) |  |
 Often | 403 (42.02%) | 274 (59.57) |  |
 Physical exercise | 635 (66.21%) | 333 (72.39%) | 0.0193 |