Table 3 Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward COVID-19
Questions | Total (%) n = 15,087 | General Population (%) n = 11,120 | Medical Students (%) n = 1752 | Physicians (%) n = 1394 | Paramedic (%) n = 821 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Knowledge | ||||||
1.1 Which of the following liquids is recommended for disinfecting surfaces that have come in contact with COVID-19 patients? | < 0.001* | |||||
Warm water | 511 (3.4%) | 407 (3.7%) | 51 (2.9%) | 26 (1.9%) | 27 (3.3%) | |
25% Alcohol | 893 (5.9%) | 735 (6.6%) | 76 (4.3%) | 41 (2.9%) | 41 (5%) | |
70% Alcohol | 7179 (47.6%) | 4875 (43.8%) | 984 (56.2%) | 880 (63.1%) | 440 (53.6%) | |
95% Alcohol | 6504 (43.1%) | 5103 (45.9%) | 641 (36.6%) | 447 (32.1%) | 313 (38.1%) | |
1.2 The probability of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection is lower in the case of: | < 0.001* | |||||
Talking to an infected person with no social distancing | 4127 (27.4%) | 3223 (29%) | 340 (19.4%) | 276 (19.8%) | 288 (35.1%) | |
Sleep with an infected person | 392 (2.6%) | 312 (2.8%) | 34 (1.9%) | 25 (1.8%) | 21 (2.6%) | |
Online video chat | 10,568 (70%) | 7585 (68.2%) | 1378 (78.7%) | 1093 (78.4%) | 512 (62.4%) | |
1.3 Have you ever been taught how to wear and take-off the facemask according to international safety standards? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 12,072 (80%) | 8691 (78.2%) | 1475 (84.2%) | 1214 (87.1%) | 692 (84.3%) | |
No | 3015 (20%) | 2429 (21.8%) | 277 (15.8%) | 180 (12.9%) | 129 (15.7%) | |
1.4 Do you think COVID19-positive women are safe to breastfeed their babies? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 2740 (18.2%) | 1767 (15.9%) | 285 (16.3%) | 509 (36.5%) | 179 (21.8%) | |
No | 6600 (43.7%) | 4930 (44.3%) | 881 (50.3%) | 447 (32.1%) | 342 (41.7%) | |
I do not know | 5747 (38.1%) | 4423 (39.8%) | 586 (33.4%) | 438 (31.4%) | 300 (36.5%) | |
1.5 Do you think COVID-19 is a severe disease that may cause severe complications? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 9140 (60.6%) | 6660 (59.9%) | 1017 (58%) | 968 (69.4%) | 495 (60.3%) | |
No | 1825 (12.1%) | 1341 (12.1%) | 249 (14.2%) | 131 (9.4%) | 104 (12.7%) | |
I do not know | 4122 (27.3%) | 3119 (28%) | 486 (27.7%) | 295 (21.2%) | 222 (27%) | |
2. Attitude | ||||||
2.1 The Novel Corona Virus is undoubtedly human-made to implement particular agendas? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 5836 (38.7%) | 4404 (39.6%) | 612 (34.9%) | 476 (34.1%) | 344 (41.9%) | |
No | 3227 (21.4%) | 2258 (20.3%) | 453 (25.9%) | 345 (24.7%) | 171 (20.8%) | |
Maybe | 6024 (39.9%) | 4458 (40.1%) | 687 (39.2%) | 573 (41.4%) | 306 (37.3%) | |
2.2 Do you think that the local governmental policies would help reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 4430 (29.4%) | 3325 (29.9%) | 479 (27.3%) | 360 (25.8%) | 266 (32.4%) | |
No | 10,657 (70.6%) | 7795 (70.1%) | 1273 (72.7%) | 1034 (74.2%) | 555 (67.6%) | |
2.3 Do you believe maintaining a social distance from COVID19 suspected and confirmed cases would negatively impact their psychology? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 6191 (41%) | 4456 (40.1%) | 811 (46.4%) | 574 (41.2%) | 350 (42.6%) | |
No | 8896 (59%) | 6664 (59.9%) | 941 (53.7%) | 820 (58.8%) | 471 (57.4%) | |
2.4 Do you think you are not at risk of contracting the COVID-19 because your immunity is strong, and you do not need to follow any precautionary measures? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 1401 (9.3%) | 1112 (10%) | 141 (8%) | 57 (4.1%) | 91 (11.1%) | |
No | 13,686 (90.7%) | 10,008 (90%) | 1611 (92%) | 1337 (95.9%) | 730 (88.9%) | |
2.5 Do you believe that the traditional remedies (i.e., herbs) may protect from infectious diseases such as the COVID-19? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 5513 (36.5%) | 4293 (38.6%) | 588 (33.6%) | 329 (23.6%) | 303 (36.9%) | |
No | 9574 (63.5%) | 6827 (61.4%) | 1164 (66.4%) | 1065 (76.4%) | 518 (63.1%) | |
2.6 Should family members take care of their COVID-19 patients to reduce the risk of transmitting the infection to a single person? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 3599 (23.9%) | 2796 (25.1%) | 422 (24.1%) | 213 (15.3%) | 168 (20.5%) | |
No | 11,488 (76.1%) | 8324 (74.9%) | 1330 (75.9%) | 1181 (84.7%) | 653 (79.5%) | |
2.7 To which extent You agree that physical distancing can protect you and your family from contracting COVID-19 disease? | < 0.001* | |||||
Strongly agree | 9530 (63.2%) | 6958 (62.6%) | 1031 (58.8%) | 1009 (72.4%) | 532 (64.8%) | |
Agree | 2781 (18.4%) | 2031 (18.3%) | 373 (21.3%) | 227 (16.3%) | 150 (18.3%) | |
Neutral | 1982 (13.1%) | 1503 (13.5%) | 266 (15.2%) | 117 (8.4%) | 96 (11.7%) | |
Disagree | 412 (2.7%) | 328 (2.9%) | 42 (2.4%) | 21 (1.5%) | 21 (2.6%) | |
Strongly disagree | 382 (2.5%) | 300 (2.7%) | 40 (2.3%) | 20 (1.4%) | 22 (2.7%) | |
2.8 Do you think that following precautionary measures on a personal-level would help the community fight against the COVID-19 pandemic? | 0.058 | |||||
Yes | 14,527 (96.3%) | 10,681 (96.1%) | 1693 (96.6%) | 1355 (97.2%) | 798 (97.2%) | |
No | 560 (3.7%) | 439 (3.9%) | 59 (3.4%) | 39 (2.8%) | 23 (2.8%) | |
3. Practice | ||||||
3.1 In case you have had contact with the COVID-19 case in the last 2 weeks, and you then have felt feverish or shortness of breath, which of the following steps should you do? | < 0.001* | |||||
Inform NCDC | 2192 (14.5%) | 1658 (14.9%) | 208 (11.9%) | 186 (13.3%) | 140 (17.1%) | |
Inform family and friends. | 4416 (29.3%) | 3137 (28.2%) | 591 (33.7%) | 464 (33.3%) | 224 (27.3%) | |
Isolate myself | 8479 (56.2%) | 6325 (56.9%) | 953 (54.4%) | 744 (53.4%) | 457 (55.7%) | |
3.2 What should you do if you have been exposed to the COVID-19, and you only informed later on? | < 0.001* | |||||
Isolate yourself and your family | 12,854 (85.2%) | 9511 (85.5%) | 1525 (87%) | 1150 (82.5%) | 668 (81.4%) | |
Put on a face mask | 1051 (7%) | 734 (6.6%) | 109 (6.2%) | 119 (8.5%) | 89 (10.8%) | |
Leave home only in urgent situations | 1182 (7.8%) | 875 (7.9%) | 118 (6.7%) | 125 (9%) | 64 (7.8%) | |
3.3 Which of the following steps should you follow to take care of a family member who has been in contact with a case infected with SARS-CoV-2? | < 0.001* | |||||
Keep him/ her in an isolated room with all windows closed to prevent the transmission of infection | 3260 (21.6%) | 2529 (22.7%) | 395 (22.5%) | 175 (12.6%) | 161 (19.6%) | |
Cleaning his personal items such as bedding and clothes on a daily basis | 1929 (12.8%) | 1508 (13.6%) | 171 (9.8%) | 136 (9.8%) | 114 (13.9%) | |
Allowing friends and relatives to visit him/ her but only individually, not in groups | 257 (1.7%) | 211 (1.9%) | 24 (1.4%) | 7 (0.5%) | 15 (1.8%) | |
Washing hands with soap and water and use medical gloves while caring for him/her | 9641 (63.9%) | 6872 (61.8%) | 1162 (66.3%) | 1076 (77.2%) | 531 (64.7%) | |
3.4 Which of the following measures should be undertaken to deal with the corpse of a patient who died from COVID-19? | < 0.001* | |||||
Washing and depositing the deceased is considered safe and must be allowed to respect the relatives and friends. | 634 (4.2%) | 512 (4.6%) | 59 (3.4%) | 32 (2.3%) | 31 (3.8%) | |
Funerals should not be allowed at all | 11,788 (78.1%) | 8683 (78.1%) | 1337 (76.3%) | 1105 (79.3%) | 663 (80.8%) | |
Funerals are only permitted under strict precautionary policies | 2665 (17.7%) | 1925 (17.3%) | 356 (20.3%) | 257 (18.4%) | 127 (15.5%) | |
3.5 What is the best method to clean your hands? | < 0.001* | |||||
Wash hands only with water | 226 (1.5%) | 181 (1.6%) | 20 (1.1%) | 14 (1%) | 11 (1.3%) | |
Wash hands with soap and water | 9246 (61.3%) | 6723 (60.5%) | 1005 (57.4%) | 1003 (72%) | 515 (62.7%) | |
Wash hands with a disinfectant hand wash | 5615 (37.2%) | 4216 (37.9%) | 727 (41.5%) | 377 (27%) | 295 (36%) | |
3.6 How do you greet your colleagues at work or at school? | < 0.001* | |||||
By shaking hands | 2350 (15.6%) | 1789 (16.1%) | 362 (20.7%) | 99 (7.1%) | 100 (12.2%) | |
By Hugging each other | 406 (2.7%) | 296 (2.7%) | 85 (4.9%) | 8 (0.06%) | 17 (2.1%) | |
Only verbal greeting | 12,331 (81.7%) | 9035 (81.3%) | 1305 (74.5%) | 1287 (92.3%) | 704 (85.7%) | |
3.7 When are you going to cough or sneeze? | < 0.001* | |||||
I usually Sneeze and cough into my hand palms | 3208 (21.3%) | 2464 (22.2%) | 331 (18.9%) | 228 (16.4%) | 185 (22.5%) | |
I usually sneeze and cough into my elbow | 9473 (62.8%) | 6769 (60.9%) | 1136 (64.8%) | 1043 (74.8%) | 525 (63.9%) | |
I prevent myself from coughing/sneezing | 811 (5.4%) | 615 (5.5%) | 120 (6.8%) | 42 (3%) | 34 (4.1%) | |
Cough / sneeze freely and without covers, because viruses do not live outside the body | 1595 (10.6%) | 1272 (11.4%) | 165 (9.4%) | 81 (5.8%) | 77 (9.4%) | |
3.8 Do you practice social distancing, especially when dealing with people who express symptoms of a cold or a fever? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 13,684 (90.7%) | 10,037 (90.3%) | 1566 (89.4%) | 1321 (94.8%) | 760 (92.6%) | |
No | 1403 (9.3%) | 1083 (9.7%) | 186 (10.6%) | 73 (5.2%) | 61 (7.4%) | |
3.9 Do you routinely wear a face mask when you go out? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 10,268 (68.1%) | 7306 (65.7%) | 1279 (73%) | 1115 (80%) | 568 (69.2%) | |
No | 4819 (31.9%) | 3814 (34.3%) | 473 (27%) | 279 (20%) | 253 (30.8%) | |
3.10 Do you perform the protective measures, including social distancing, to protect yourself from getting the COVID-19? | < 0.001* | |||||
Yes | 11,658 (77.3%) | 8472 (76.2%) | 1344 (76.7%) | 1186 (85.1%) | 656 (79.9%) | |
No | 3429 (22.7%) | 2648 (23.8%) | 408 (23.3%) | 208 (14.9%) | 165 (20.1%) | |