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Table 1 Characteristics of homeless populations or formerly homeless individuals who had received care at one or more of the six participating health systems, Chicago and suburban Cook County, Illinois

From: Variability in comorbidites and health services use across homeless typologies: multicenter data linkage between healthcare and homeless systems

 

Homeless services received

No homeless services

 

Stable Housing

ICD10 code only

 

Yes

Hybrid

No

  
 

N = 3017

N = 809

N = 5444

N = 2177

 

N

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

Age category, years

  ≤ 20

97

3.2*

35

4.3

177

3.2*

97

4.5

 21 to 44

765

25.4*

229

28.3*

2177

40.0*

769

35.3

 45 to 64

1882

62.4*

485

60.0*

2699

49.6

1042

47.9

 65 to 74

162

5.4*

33

4.1*

198

3.6*

151

6.9

 75 to 89

16

0.5*

< 10

< 1.0*

44

0.8*

43

2.0

  ≥ 90

39

1.3

< 10

< 1.0

46

0.8

27

1.2

 Missing

56

1.9

19

2.3

103

1.9

48

2.2

Race

 Non-Hispanic black

2335

77.4*

616

76.1*

3857

70.8*

1199

55.1

 Non-Hispanic white

331

11.0*

98

12.1*

895

16.4*

526

24.2

 Hispanic

123

4.1*

35

4.3*

286

5.2*

207

9.5

 Non-Hispanic Asian

16

0.5

< 10

< 1.0

30

0.6

12

0.6

 Other/unknown

212

7.0*

53

6.6*

376

6.9*

244

11.2

Sex

 Male

1633

54.1*

498

61.6*

3484

64.0*

1484

68.2

 Female

1334

44.2*

299

37.0*

1919

35.2*

679

31.2

 Missing or other

50

1.7

12

1.5

41

0.8

28

1.3

Homeless service received, stablea

 Permanent supportive housing

2734

90.6

411

50.8

–

–

–

–

 Rapid rehousing

287

9.5

481

59.5

–

–

–

–

 Safe haven

27

0.9

19

2.4

–

–

–

–

Homeless service received, not stablea

 Emergency shelter

–

–

496

61.3

4575

84.0

–

–

 Transitional housing

–

–

230

28.4

827

15.2

–

–

 Street outreach

–

–

234

28.9

656

12.0

–

–

  1. Abbreviations: HMIS Homeless Management Information System
  2. Values representing less than ten individuals reported as < 10, all of which had a percent < 1.0
  3. * Statistically significant difference at P < 0.05 significance level, by the chi-square test. No homeless services is the referent group. All comparisons were 2X2 tables; i.e., each variable across each homeless services column was cross tabulated with the referent group
  4. -- Symbol for a value of zero; by definition, these cells are zero
  5. a Sums to > 100% because many individuals received services across different categories