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Table 3 Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause death

From: Non-employment and low educational level as risk factors for inequitable treatment and mortality in heart failure: a population-based cohort study of register data

N = 3874

Crude HR

Model 2

HR adjusted for age

Model 3

HR adjusted for age and gender

Model 4

Multivariable model including: employment, education, hospitalisation-free time, comorbiditya, other medicationb.

Model 5

Multivariate model including: employment, education, hospitalisation-free time, comorbiditya, other medicationb, and interaction: no RASb*non-employment

No RASb dispensed

3.06 (2.55, 3.68)

3.23 (2.68, 3.89)

3.25 (2.69, 3.92)

1.66 (1.33, 2.06)

2.86 (2.00, 4.09)

Employment (N = 3836)

 Employed

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Non-employed

2.86 (2.36, 3.45)

2.70 (2.23, 3.27)

2.69 (2.22, 3.26)

1.76 (1.43, 2.17)

2.21 (1.73, 2.84)

Education (N = 3767)

 Compulsory school

1.81 (1.36, 2.42)

1.67 (1.25, 2.23)

1.67 (1.25, 2.23)

1.37 (1.02, 1.84)

1.39 (1.03, 1.86)

 Upper secondary school

1.61 (1.21, 2.13)

1.61 (1.22, 2.13)

1.61 (1.22, 2.13)

1.38 (1.04, 1.84)

1.40 (1.06, 1.86)

 Post-secondary school

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Age

1.05 (1.04, 1.06)

  

1.03 (1.02, 1.05)

1.03 (1.02, 1.05)

Male gender

0.86 (0.72, 1.03)

0.87 (0.72, 1.04)

 

1.24 (1.02, 1.51)

1.23 (1.01, 1.50)

Interaction: No RASb*non-employment (N = 3836)

    

0.47 (0.31, 0.70)

  1. RASb, Renin-angiotensin system blockers
  2. a) Comorbidity with: hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation/flutter, pacemaker, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), stroke, peripheral vascular disease, lung disease, renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, anaemia, dementia, cancer, liver disease, rheumatic disease, psychiatric disease
  3. b) Beta-blocker or aldosterone antagonist