Lowered cognitive function and the risk of the first events of cardiovascular diseases: findings from a cohort study in Lithuania

Table 3 Risk of a first event of CVD^a by lower cognitive function levels^b in men, Kaunas HAPIEE study, 2006–2016

Cognitive function	Cox models
	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Immediate verbal recall sum	1.21	1.09–1.34	1.17	1.05–1.31	1.17	1.04–1.32
Delayed verbal recall	1.19	1.07–1.32	1.17	1.05–1.30	1.17	1.05–1.32
Semantic verbal fluency	1.07	0.96–1.20	1.08	1.05–1.10	1.03	0.91–1.17
Numerical ability	1.07	0.96–1.20	1.04	0.93–1.18	1.01	0.89–1.14
Cognitive speed and attention	1.10	0.98–1.24	1.07	0.95–1.22	1.04	0.91–1.18
Composite score of cognitive function	1.09	1.07–1.12	1.08	1.06–1.11	1.15	1.03–1.28

^a Individuals with existing CVD (IHD and stroke) at baseline survey were excluded, ^b per each 1 standard deviation decrease
HAPIEE Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe, HR hazard ratios, CI confidence interval
Model 1 adjusted for age (continuous variable), education and marital status (categorical variables)
Model 2 adjusted for all the variables in Model 1 plus lifestyle (smoking – categorical, physical activity in leisure (continuous – hours/week), alcohol consumption (continuous – drinks/week) and biologic factors (systolic or diastolic blood pressure – continuous, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, BMI – all continuous)
Model 3 adjusted for all the variables in Model 2 plus depression symptoms (categorical), PWB (continuous), and existing illness (diabetes). For details see ‘Materials and methods’ and ‘Statistical analysis’

ISSN: 1471-2458