Table 1 Baseline characteristics by survival status of men in the Kaunas HAPIEE study (2006–2008)

Age, years

55.4 ± 0.17

59.2 ± 0.44 ^b

60.3 ± 0.51 ^b

< 0.001

Immediate verbal recall sum^a, score

22.1 ± 0.08

20.3 ± 0.22 ^b

20.2 ± 0.30 ^b

< 0.001

Delayed verbal recall^a, score

7.82 ± 0.04

7.10 ± 0.10 ^b

6.96 ± 0.14^b

< 0.001

Semantic verbal fluency^a

22.8 ± 0.14

21.3 ± 0.31^b

21.0 ± 0.47^b

< 0.001

Numerical ability^a, score

3.15 ± 0.02

3.00 ± 0.04 ^b

3.04 ± 0.06

< 0.001

Cognitive speed and attention^a

16.6 ± 0.10

15.3 ± 0.26 ^b

14.4 ± 0.35 ^b

< 0.001

Composite score of cognitive function^a

−0.06 ± 0.01

−0.22 ± 0.03 ^b

−0.18 ± 0.05

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure^a, mm Hg

142.0 ± 0.43

149.3 ± 1.20 ^b

145.6 ± 1.64

< 0.001

Diastolic blood pressure^a, mm Hg

91.9 ± 0.27

95.4 ± 0.74 ^b,

92.9 ± 0.99 ^c

< 0.001

Total cholesterol^a, mmol/L

5.82 ± 0.02

5.92 ± 0.06

5.56 ± 0.09^{b, c}

0.002

HDL cholesterol^a, mmol/L

1.43 ± 0.01

1.36 ± 0.02 ^b

1.50 ± 0.03 ^{b, c}

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol^a, mmol/L

3.73 ± 0.02

3.81 ± 0.06

3.46 ± 0.08 ^{b, c}

0.001

Triglyceride^a, mmol/L

1.47 ± 0.02

1.72 ± 0.07 ^b

1.29 ± 0.05 ^c

< 0.001

Fasting blood glucose^a, mmol/L

5.67 ± 0.02

5.88 ± 0.08 ^b,

5.78 ± 0.09

0.008

Body mass index^a, kg/m²

28.0 ± 0.09

29.1 ± 0.25 ^b

27.1 ± 0.38 ^{b, c}

< 0.001

Physical activity in leisure time^a, hours/week

17.1 ± 0.26

17.5 ± 0.72

16.8 ± 1.05

0.783

Absolute alcohol^a, drinks/week

60.7 ± 2.44

76.4 ± 9.51

62.1 ± 9.99

0.09

PWB^a, score

39.9 ± 0.12

39.1 ± 0.31 ^b

37.5 ± 0.45 ^{b, c}

< 0.001

P from χ²

Diabetes mellitus % (n)

5.2 (104)

8.8 (29) ^b

10.8 (18) ^b

0.001

Arterial hypertension % (n)

66.6 (1360)

77.8 (266) ^b

75.0 (129)

< 0.001

Body mass index, % (n)

< 0.001

  < 25.0 kg/m2

24.6 (503)

18.4 (99)^b

31.8 (56) ^c

 25.0–29.9 kg/m2

46.3 (945)

42.0 (144)

43.2 (76)

  > = 30.0 kg/m2

29.1 (594)

39.7 (136) ^b

25.0 (44) ^c

Smoking habits % (n)

< 0.001

 Smokers

35.4 (722)

41.1 (141)

45.4 (79) ^b

 Former smokers

27.0 (551)

30.9 (106)^b

28.7 (50)

 Never smokers

37.7 (769)

28.0 (96) ^b

25.9 (45) ^b

Marital status % (n)

0.003

 Single

2.0 (41)

2.6 (9)

1.7 (3)

 Married

84.8 (1732)

80.5 (276)

76.0 (133) ^b

 Co-habiting

2.2 (44)

1.5 (5)

2.3 (4)

 Divorced

8.0 (164)

9.0 (31)

12.6 (22)

 Widowed

3.0 (61)

6.4 (22) ^b

7.4 (13)^b

Education % (n)

< 0.001

 Primary

2.7 (56)

7.3 (25) ^b

8.0 (14) ^b

 Vocational

6.6 (135)

13.1 (45) ^b

16.6 (29) ^b

 Secondary

33.9 (693)

34.1 (117)

35.4 (62)

 College

19.9 (407)

17.5 (60)

19.4 (34)

 University

36.8 (751)

28.0 (96) ^b

20.6 (36) ^b

Depression scale score % (n)

< 0.001

  > = 4

13.0 (260)

18.6 (63) ^b

22.2 (37) ^b

  < 4

87.0 (1742)

81.4 (276) ^b

77.8 (130) ^b

Cognitive function % (n)

0.025

 Normal

82.4 (1683)

77.3 (265)

77.1 (135)

 Lowered

17.6 (359)

22.7 (78)

22.9 (40)

PWB % (n)

< 0.001

 Higher

57.6 (1089)

52.2 (167)

39.8 (64) ^{b, c}

 Lower

42.4 (800)

47.8 (153)

60.2 (97) ^{b, c}