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Table 6 Risk ratios for conduct problems by ethnic group accounting for putative risk factors

From: Prevalence of conduct problems and social risk factors in ethnically diverse inner-city schools

 

Base model: age, gender, free school meals

Model 1: base model + racial discrimination

Model 2: model 1+ friends who get into trouble

Model 3: model 2 + high control

Model 4: model 3 + low perceived parental care

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

RR (95%CI)

Conduct problems

 Black African

1.00 (0.84–1.17)

0.98 (0.83–1.15)

0.96 (0.81–1.13)

0.95 (0.80–1.12)

0.93 (0.78–1.10)

 Black Caribbean

1.37 (1.12–1.64)

1.35 (1.11–1.63)

1.28 (1.04–1.55)

1.25 (1.02–1.52)

1.27 (1.03–1.54)

 Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi

0.49 (0.25–0.85)

0.45 (0.22–0.80)

0.49 (0.26–0.86)

0.50 (0.26–0.86)

0.50 (0.26–0.86)

 Latin American

1.07 (0.70–1.56)

1.03 (0.67–1.53)

1.04 (0.68–1.54)

1.00 (0.64–1.49)

0.96 (0.61–1.44)

 Mixed white and black

1.25 (0.95–1.60)

1.24 (0.95–1.59)

1.21 (0.92–1.56)

1.23 (0.94–1.58)

1.23 (0.94–1.58)

 Other black

1.33 (0.84–1.99)

1.34 (0.85–2.01)

1.36 (0.86–2.03)

1.36 (0.86–2.03)

1.42 (0.91–2.11)

 Other mixed/multiple

1.01 (0.70–1.41)

0.96 (0.65–1.35)

0.97 (0.66–1.36)

0.97 (0.66–1.36)

0.94 (0.64–1.33)

 Other white

0.86 (0.62–1.16)

0.91 (0.66–1.22)

0.92 (0.67–1.23)

0.94 (0.68–1.25)

0.98 (0.72–1.30)

 Other/unknown

1.09 (0.79–1.46)

1.05 (0.75–1.42)

1.08 (0.78–1.46)

1.06 (0.76–1.43)

1.06 (0.76–1.43)

 White British

0.65 (0.50–0.82)

0.71 (0.56–0.90)

0.77 (0.61–0.96)

0.80 (0.64–1.00)

0.81 (0.64–1.01)

Fighting/Bullying

 Black African

1.10 (0.99–1.21)

1.08 (0.97–1.20)

1.06 (0.95–1.18)

1.06 (0.95–1.18)

1.05 (0.94–1.17)

 Black Caribbean

1.10 (0.95–1.26)

1.09 (0.94–1.25)

1.03 (0.88–1.19)

1.02 (0.88–1.18)

1.02 (0.88–1.18)

 Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi

0.90 (0.67–1.19)

0.87 (0.64–1.16)

0.91 (0.68–1.21)

0.91 (0.68–1.21)

0.92 (0.68–1.21)

 Latin American

1.33 (1.03–1.67)

1.31 (1.02–1.66)

1.30 (1.01–1.65)

1.29 (1.00–1.63)

1.27 (0.98–1.61)

 Mixed white and black

1.00 (0.82–1.20)

0.99 (0.82–1.20)

0.97 (0.80–1.18)

0.97 (0.80–1.18)

0.97 (0.80–1.18)

 Other black

1.29 (0.95–1.71)

1.30 (0.96–1.72)

1.31 (0.97–1.73)

1.31 (0.97–1.73)

1.34 (0.99–1.76)

 Other mixed/multiple

1.03 (0.81–1.28)

0.98 (0.76–1.23)

0.98 (0.77–1.24)

0.98 (0.77–1.24)

0.98 (0.77–1.24)

 Other white

0.91 (0.74–1.11)

0.95 (0.77–1.15)

0.97 (0.79–1.18)

0.98 (0.80–1.19)

0.99 (0.81–1.20)

 Other/unknown

0.91 (0.72–1.13)

0.88 (0.69–1.10)

0.91 (0.72–1.13)

0.91 (0.72–1.13)

0.90 (0.71–1.12)

 White British

0.71 (0.60–0.83)

0.76 (0.65–0.88)

0.82 (0.70–0.94)

0.83 (0.72–0.96)

0.83 (0.72–0.96)

Rule-breaking

 Black African

0.98 (0.88–1.09)

0.97 (0.87–1.07)

0.95 (0.86–1.06)

0.95 (0.85–1.05)

0.94 (0.84–1.05)

 Black Caribbean

1.16 (1.02–1.32)

1.16 (1.01–1.32)

1.10 (0.96–1.26)

1.09 (0.95–1.25)

1.10 (0.96–1.26)

 Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi

0.62 (0.44–0.86)

0.59 (0.41–0.82)

0.63 (0.44–0.86)

0.63 (0.44–0.86)

0.64 (0.45–0.88)

 Latin American

1.22 (0.96–1.54)

1.21 (0.95–1.53)

1.21 (0.95–1.53)

1.20 (0.93–1.51)

1.18 (0.92–1.49)

 Mixed white and black

1.13 (0.94–1.33)

1.12 (0.94–1.33)

1.09 (0.91–1.29)

1.09 (0.91–1.29)

1.09 (0.91–1.29)

 Other black

1.22 (0.91–1.61)

1.25 (0.93–1.64)

1.26 (0.94–1.65)

1.26 (0.94–1.65)

1.26 (0.94–1.65)

 Other mixed/multiple

1.25 (1.02–1.52)

1.21 (0.98–1.47)

1.22 (0.99–1.49)

1.22 (0.99–1.49)

1.22 (0.99–1.49)

 Other white

0.99 (0.82–1.19)

1.02 (0.84–1.22)

1.04 (0.86–1.24)

1.04 (0.86–1.24)

1.07 (0.89–1.27)

 Other/unknown

0.88 (0.70–1.09)

0.86 (0.69–1.07)

0.90 (0.72–1.11)

0.89 (0.71–1.10)

0.88 (0.70–1.08)

 White British

0.80 (0.69–0.91)

0.84 (0.73–0.96)

0.89 (0.78–1.02)

0.91 (0.79–1.03)

0.91 (0.79–1.04)

  1. RR Risk ratio, 95%CI 95% Confidence Interval
  2. Reference group is the overall prevalence in each model
  3. For the purpose of comparison across models, all models include observations from 10 schools n = 3535