VARIABLES | ODDS RATIO | |
---|---|---|
2014 | 2017–18 | |
PREDISPOSING FACTORS | ||
 Demographics | ||
  Age of household head | ||
    > 60 | Ref. | Ref. |
    < 60 | 0.894 (0.124) | 1.175 (0.151) |
  Gender of household head | ||
   Male | Ref. | Ref. |
   Female | 0.974 (0.172) | 1.067 (0.177) |
  Age composition of household members | ||
   No children or old | Ref. | Ref. |
   With children but no older people | 0.723*** (0.0902) | 0.960 (0.105) |
   With older people but no children | 1.114 (0.153) | 1.076 (0.132) |
   With both children and older people | 0.937 (0.156) | 0.848 (0.130) |
   Older people only | 1.589* (0.390) | 0.935 (0.198) |
  Household gender composition | ||
   No men | Ref. | Ref. |
   Both men and women | 1.256 (0.312) | 0.705 (0.151) |
   Only men | 1.037 (0.433) | 0.684 (0.251) |
  Household Size | ||
   1–3 members | Ref. | Ref. |
   4–6 members | 1.082 (0.114) | 0.973 (0.0945) |
   7 or more members | 1.252 (0.179) | 0.917 (0.125) |
Social-Structural Factors | ||
 Educational status of household head | ||
  Illiterate or without formal schooling | Ref. | Ref. |
  Upto primary school | 1.246* (0.156) | 1.121 (0.117) |
  Upto middle school | 1.143 (0.139) | 0.930 (0.109) |
  Secondary to higher secondary | 1.060 (0.130) | 1.210* (0.122) |
  Graduation and above | 0.964 (0.161) | 0.949 (0.134) |
 Principal Occupation of Household | ||
  Regular wage | Ref. | Ref. |
  Self-Employed | 1.111 (0.115) | 0.868 (0.0819) |
  Casual Labour | 0.944 (0.122) | 0.911 (0.102) |
  Others | 1.130 (0.187) | 0.967 (0.148) |
 Social Group | ||
  Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes | Ref. | Ref. |
  Other Backward Class | 0.899 (0.0980) | 0.996 (0.0928) |
  Other Groups | 1.065 (0.129) | 1.054 (0.103) |
ENABLING FACTORS | ||
 Monthly Per Capita Expenditure Quintiles | ||
  Poorest | Ref. | Ref. |
  Poor | 0.931 (0.129) | 0.806* (0.103) |
  Middle | 0.664*** (0.0972) | 0.541*** (0.0683) |
  Rich | 0.551*** (0.0809) | 0.438*** (0.0612) |
  Richest | 0.420*** (0.0675) | 0.245*** (0.0349) |
 Living Condition Index | ||
  Lowest | Ref. | Ref. |
  Middle | 1.206 (0.146) | 0.935 (0.108) |
  Highest | 1.257* (0.157) | 0.986 (0.0921) |
 Whether Covered by Insurance or Pre-payment scheme | ||
  No | Ref. | Ref. |
  Yes | 0.680*** (0.0628) | 0.787*** (0.0633) |
 Source of finance to pay for treatment | ||
  Household income/savings | Ref. | Ref. |
  Borrowings | 5.002*** (0.782) | 2.693*** (0.363) |
  Other Sources | 1.764** (0.418) | 0.666*** (0.0968) |
 Care-seeking choices for NCD related treatment of households | ||
  Only Public | Ref. | Ref. |
  Both Public and Private | 1.977*** (0.239) | 2.223*** (0.228) |
  Only Private | 3.249*** (0.309) | 3.536*** (0.283) |
NEED FACTORS | ||
 Hospitalization episode for NCDs over past 365 days | ||
  No | Ref. | Ref. |
  Yes | 0.967 (0.0697) | 1.248*** (0.0719) |
 Number of household members who fell ill and sought care due to NCDs | ||
  One | Ref. | Ref. |
  Two | 2.027 (0.270) | 1.819 (0.157) |
  Three or more | 3.131 (0.395) | 2.886 (0.319) |
 Whether member(s) of household sought inter-state hospitalization | ||
  No | Ref. | Ref. |
  Yes | 1.797*** (0.313) | 2.609*** (0.347) |
CONTEXTUAL FACTORS | ||
 Level of epidemiological transition (ETL) of state where household is located | ||
  Low ETL | Ref. | Ref. |
  Lower-Middle ETL | 0.442*** (0.0731) | 0.664** (0.113) |
  Higher-middle ETL | 0.653*** (0.0713) | 0.669*** (0.0650) |
  High ETL | 0.490*** (0.0604) | 0.557*** (0.0586) |
 Location | ||
  Rural | Ref. | Ref. |
  Urban | 0.798**(0.0769) | 0.968 (0.0877) |
 Constant | 1.384 (0.452) | 2.087 (0.664) |
 Observations | 26,190 | 37,980 |