Fig. 1

AVENIR trial design summary for communities included in primary outcomes during Stage I. Communities randomized to the azithromycin 1–11 arm will receive biannual distribution of azithromycin to children 1–11 months of age with placebo to children 12–59 months of age. Communities randomized to the azithromycin 1–59 arm will receive biannual distribution of azithromycin to children 1–59 months of age. Children randomized to the placebo arm will receive biannual distribution of placebo to children 1–59 months of age