An ecological study of chronic kidney disease in five Mesoamerican countries: associations with crop and heat

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Descriptive data for Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica

		Mexico				Guatemala				Costa Rica
		CKD deaths^a (Obs/Exp)	EE^b	Municipalities		CKD deaths^a (Obs/Exp)	EE^b	Municipalities		CKD deaths^a (Obs/Exp)	EE^b	Cantons
		CKD deaths^a (Obs/Exp)	EE^b	N	%	CKD deaths^a (Obs/Exp)	EE^b	N	%	CKD deaths^a (Obs/Exp)	EE^b	N	%
Population density quartile	1	2245/1633	ref	614	25%	434/323	ref	83	25%	86/51	ref	20	25%
	2–3	3494/3525	0.7	1228	50%	534/535	0.7	166	50%	104/105	0.6	40	50%
	4	7279/7861	0.8	614	25%	554/667	0.6	84	25%	73/107	0.4	21	25%
Crop and cultivation intensity	T_max
Banana
Low	< 30°	9975/9871	ref	1784	73%	903/1235	ref	272	82%	103/166	ref	47	58%
Low	> 30°	2264/2541	0.9	550	22%	277/160	2.4	40	12%	118/30	6.3	18	22%
High	< 30°	235/234	1.0	71	3%	4/7	0.8	2	1%	38/56	1.1	13	16%
High	> 30°	545/373	1.4	51	2%	338/120	3.9	19	6%	4/11	0.6	3	4%
Rice
Low	< 30°	9960/9866	ref	1808	74%	824/1113	ref	218	65%	132/216	ref	57	70%
Low	> 30°	2115/2461	0.9	529	22%	523/237	3.0	49	15%	29/18	2.6	9	11%
High	< 30°	250/240	1.0	47	2%	83/129	0.9	56	17%	9/6	2.5	3	4%
High	> 30°	694/453	1.5	72	3%	92/43	2.9	10	3%	93/23	6.6	12	15%
Sugarcane
Low	< 30°	9938/9879	ref	1794	73%	803/1149	ref	245	74%	118/193	ref	51	63%
Low	> 30°	2292/2679	0.9	542	22%	124/128	1.4	22	7%	40/21	3.1	14	17%
High	< 30°	272/226	1.2	61	2%	104/93	1.6	29	9%	23/29	1.3	9	11%
High	> 30°	517/235	2.2	59	2%	491/152	4.6	37	11%	82/20	6.7	7	9%
Coffee
Low	< 30°	9889/9799	ref	1740	71%	764/1065	ref	216	65%	88/142	ref	44	54%
Low	> 30°	2761/2889	0.9	595	24%	562/245	3.2	51	15%	122/41	4.8	21	26%
High	< 30°	321/306	1.0	115	5%	143/177	1.1	58	17%	53/80	1.1	16	20%
High	> 30°	48/25	1.9	6	0%	53/35	2.1	8	2%	−/−	–	0	0%

^aNumber of deaths male 20–50 year olds in Costa Rica and Guatemala, 18–60 years in Mexico. ^bAge-adjusted mortality ratio. CKD Chronic Kidney Disease, Obs observed, Exp expected, EE effect estimate

ISSN: 1471-2458