Table 6 Formatting of GHWs
No. | Author(s), publication year | Group | Graphic: Size (front) % | Graphic: Size (back) % | Graphic: Location | Graphic: Image concept1 | Graphic: congruency2 | Graphic: Colour | Text: Size % | Text: Location | Text: Source attribution | Text only GHW | Quitline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Anshari et al., 2018 | Australia | 75 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes |
Canada | 75 | 75 | Front, back & sides | Mixed | Congruent | Colour | 37 | Front, back & sides | Health Canada | No | Yes | ||
Mexico | 30 | 100 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 100 | Back | No source | No | Yes | ||
2 | Borland et al., 2009 | Australia (Wave2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Yes | No |
Australia (Wave5) | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes | ||
UK | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Yes | No | ||
Canada | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 20 | Front & back | Health Canada | No | No | ||
3 | Brewer et al., 2016 | Pictorial (Pre & Post) | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 12.5 | Front & back | US HHS | No | No |
4 | Brewer et al., 2019 | Complete sample | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | US HHS | No | No |
5 | Cho et al., 2018 | Australia | 75 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes |
Canada | 75 | 75 | Front, back & package inserts | Mixed | Congruent | Colour | 37 | Front, back & package inserts | Health Canada | No | Yes | ||
Mexico | 30 | 100 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 100 | Back | No source | No | Yes | ||
6 | Durkin et al., 2015 | Pre PP | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes |
Late transition & Post PP | 75 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes | ||
7 | Elton-Marshall et al., 2015 | Malaysia (Pre) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Yes | No |
Malaysia (Post) | 40 | 60 | Front & back | Negative | NA | Colour | 10 | Front | No source | No | Yes | ||
8 | Fathelrahman et al., 2010 | Complete sample | 60 | NA | Front | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 40 | Front | No source | No | Yes |
9 | Fathelrahman et al., 2013 | Pre GHW | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Yes | No |
Post GHW | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 10 | Front | No source | No | No | ||
10 | Glock & Kneer, 2009 | Complete sample | 30 | 30 | No location on pack (screen) | Negative | Congruent | Colour | NA | NA | NA | No | No |
11 | Gravely et al., 2016a | Wave 2 | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Symbolic | NA | Colour | 30 | Front | No source | No | No |
Wave 3 | 80 | 80 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 30 | Front & back | No source | No | No | ||
12 | Gravely et al., 2016b | Scorpion GHW | 40 | NA | Front | Symbolic | Incongruent | NA | NA | Front | NA | No | NA |
New pictorial GHW | 40 | NA | Front | Negative | Congruent | Colour | NA | Front | NA | No | NA | ||
13 | Green et al., 2014 | Pre pictorial GHW (Wave1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 30 | NA | NA | Yes | NA |
Post 12 months (Wave2) | 60 | 70 | Front & back | Mixed | Congruent | Colour | 65 (side) | Front & back | No source | No | No | ||
14 | Green et al., 2019 | Complete sample | 75 | 90 | Front, back & package inserts | Mixed | Congruent | Colour | 37 | Front, back & package inserts | Health Canada | No | Yes |
15 | Hall et al., 2018 | Complete sample | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | US HHS | No | YES |
16 | Hitchman et al., 2014 | Canada | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Symbolic | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | Health Canada | No | No |
17 | Kasza et al., 2017 | Canada (Wave1) | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | Health Canada | No | No |
Canada (Wave9) | 75 | 75 | Front, back & package inserts | Mixed | Congruent | Colour | 37 | Front, back & package inserts | Health Canada | No | Yes | ||
Australia (Wave1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | Yes | No | ||
Australia (Wave9) | 75 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes | ||
18 | Kennedy et al., 2012 | Australia (Waves 1–7) | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes |
19 | Li et al., 2015 | Australia | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes |
20 | Li et al., 2016 | Thailand (Wave3) | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Black & white | 10 | Front & back | No source | No | No |
Thailand (Wave5) | 55 | 55 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | black & white | 10 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes | ||
Malaysia (Wave2) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 70 | Sides | NA | Yes | No | ||
Malaysia (Wave4 and6) | 40 | 60 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 10 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes | ||
21 | Mannocci et al., 2019 | Italy (Post) | 65 | 65 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 50 | Sides | No source | No | No |
22 | Mays et al., 2014 | Intervention | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | NA | Colour | NA | Front & back | US HHS | No | Yes |
23 | McQueen et al., 2015 | Graphic condition | 50 | NA | Front | Negative | Congruent | Colour | NA | Front | US HHS | No | Yes |
24 | Nagelhout et al., 2016 | UK (Pre) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 30 (front), 40 (back) | 3 | NA | Yes | NA |
UK (Post) | 43 | 53 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 10 | Front & back | No source | No | No (only 1/14 has Quitline) | ||
FR (Pre) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 30 (front), 40 (back) | 3 | NA | Yes | NA | ||
FR (Post) | 0 | 40 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 20 | Front | No source | No | Yes | ||
25 | Ngan et al., 2016 | Wave 1 & 2 | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 12 | Front & back | No source | No | No |
26 | Nicholson et al., 2017 | Pre PP | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes |
Post PP | 75 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes | ||
27 | Osman et al., 2016 | Complete sample | 30 | 0 | Front | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 100 | Back | No source | No | Yes |
28 | Parada et al., 2017 | Pictorial GHW (Waves 1–4) | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | NA | Front & back | No source | No | No |
29 | Partos et al., 2013 | AU | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes |
CA | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | Health Canada | No | No | ||
UK | 30 | 40 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 10 | Front | No source | No | No | ||
30 | Popova & Ling, 2017 | Â | NA | NA | No location on pack (screen) | Negative | Congruent | Colour | NA | No location on pack (screen) | No source | No | No |
31 | Schneider et al., 2012 | Pictorial GHW | 45 | 0 | Front | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 20 | Front | No source | No | No |
32 | Swayampakala et al., 2014 | AU (Pre) | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes |
AU (Post) | 90 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 30 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes | ||
CA (Pre) | 75 | 75 | Front & back | Mixed | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | Health Canada | No | Yes | ||
CA (Post) | 75 | 75 | Front, back & package inserts | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front, back & package inserts | Health Canada | No | Yes | ||
MX (Pre-Post) | 30 | 100 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 100 | Back | No source | No | Yes | ||
33 | White et al., 2008 | AU 2006 GHW | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes |
34 | Yong et al., 2013 | TH (Wave1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 33 | Front & back | NA | Yes | NA |
TH (Wave 3) | 50 | 50 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | black & white | 12 | Front & back | No source | No | No | ||
35 | Yong et al., 2016 | Pre PP | 30 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 15 | Front & back | Health authority warning | No | Yes |
Post PP | 75 | 90 | Front & back | Negative | Congruent | Colour | 25 | Front & back | No source | No | Yes |