Table 5 Quality assessment
No. | Author(s), publication year | Risk of bias arising from the randomization process | Risk of bias due to deviations from the intended interventions (effect of assignment to intervention) | Risk of bias due to missing outcomes data | Risk of bias in measurement of the outcome | Risk of bias in selection of the reported result | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | Brewer et al., 2016 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
4 | Brewer et al., 2019 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
8 | Fathelrahman et al., 2010 | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Low | Some concerns |
10 | Glock & Kneer, 2009 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
15 | Hall et al., 2018 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
23 | McQueen et al., 2015 | High | Low | Low | Low | Low | High |
28 | Parada et al., 2017 | Low | Low | Some concerns | Low | Low | Some concerns |
30 | Popova & Ling, 2014 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
31 | Schneider et al., 2012 | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |