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Table 2 Comparison of ratings of interventions between framed and non-framed participants / participants with and without children

From: What do Germans really think about health-nudges?

Intervention

Difference Framing - no Framing

Difference participants with – and without children

Test statistics W1

p-value1 and direction of effect2

Test statistics W1

p-value1 and direction of effect2

Theoretical concept

106,294.5

p < 0.0001 (NF)

112,077.5

p = 0.0061 (C)

Traffic light labelling system

119,238.0

p = 0.1786 (NF)

119,146.0

p = 0.2702 (C)

Traffic light labelling system (children)

137,450.0

p = 0.0053 (F)

120,777.0

p = 0.4900 (C)

Warning labels

124,520.0

p = 0.9108 (NF)

120,511.5

p = 0.4334 (C)

Warning labels (children)

126,136.0

p = 0.7990 (F)

125,639.0

p = 0.6867 (NC)

Supermarket checkouts

129,481.0

p = 0.3095 (F)

111,942.0

p = 0.0067 (C)

Supermarket checkouts (children)

129,869.5

p = 0.2750 (F)

111,586.5

p = 0.0058 (C)

Supermarket general

129,305.0

p = 0.3193 (F)

114,684.5

p = 0.0332 (C)

Supermarket general (children)

135,597.5

p = 0.0174 (F)

116,119.0

p = 0.0815 (C)

Canteens

125,357.5

p = 0.9345 (F)

118,090.0

p = 0.1830 (C)

Canteens (children)

132,674.5

p = 0.0851 (F)

116,786.5

p = 0.1115 (C)

Advertisement

129,521.0

p = 0.3021 (F)

116,213.0

p = 0.0799 (C)

Advertisement (children)

130,463.5

p = 0.2196 (F)

126,463.5

p = 0.5550 (NC)

Environment

126,346.0

p = 0.7528 (F)

119,343.5

p = 0.2895 (C)

Environment (children)

123,637.5

p = 0.7531 (NF)

115,604.0

p = 0.0557 (C)

  1. F Better rating if framed, NF Better rating if not framed, C better rating if respondent has children, NC better rating if respondent has no children
  2. 1: Provided test statistics and p-values are based on two-sided Mann-Whitney U tests
  3. 2: The direction of the effect was assessed by conducting 2 1-sided Mann-Whitney U tests, each pointing in a different direction. The direction with the smaller p-value was then considered as the direction of the observed effect