Table 1 Measure and range score of main variables in this study

Knowledge (KN)

K1. Drinking alcohol won’t reduce coronavirus risk (T)

0

1

K2. Viruses are more virulent in cold and wet weather, thus turning on air-conditioners or heater up to 30 degree could fight the coronavirus. (F, reverse code)

K3. The coronavirus lasts longest on smooth, non-porous surface, thus the virus survives longer on metal surface than sweater. (T)

K4. Going out with ginger slices in the mouth can prevent the coronavirus. (F, reverse code)

Negative emotion

(NE)

N1. Sadness

1

5

N2. Fear

N3. Anger

N4. Shock

Perceived risk of being infected (PR)

R1. Self

0

100

R2. Others

R3. Death if infected

Going out for activities (GO)

G1. Going out for work

1

4

G2. Going out for entertainment activities

G3. Going out for daily necessities

G4. Going out for social functions

Preventive behaviors

(PB)

P1. Wearing a mask

1

4

P2. Washing hands with water and soap

P3. Avoiding hands shaking or hugging

P4. Avoiding eating in restaurants