Table 8 Determinants of inequalities in health care utilisation among elderly population in India (2017–18)
Model Specifications | Model 1 | Model 2 |
|---|---|---|
Number of observations | 13,674 | 13,673 |
Wald chi2(1) | 48.09 | 148.07 |
Prob > chi2 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.0315 | 0.0843 |
Log pseudolikelihood | -1.37E+ 09 | -1.29E+ 09 |
Dependent Variable Medical Treatment Sought- Yes:1, No:0 | ||
Covariates | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
Model 1 | ||
Place of Residence | Rural® | cOR |
Urban | 3.025† (2.212–4.136) | |
Model 2 | ||
Place of Residence | Rural® | aOR |
Urban | 2.139† (1.467–3.119) | |
Age Squared | 1.000 (0.998–1.004) | |
Sex | Female® | |
Male | 0.807 (0.542–1.202 | |
Social Group | ST® | |
SC | 1.713 (0.853–3.443) | |
OBC | 1.435 (0.769–2.678) | |
Others | 1.164 (0.584–2.318) | |
Marital Status | Others® | |
Currently Married | 1.128 (0.756–1.683) | |
Religion | Muslim® | |
Hindu | 0.495** (0.283–0.864) | |
Others | 1.078 (0.508–2.288) | |
Education | Illiterate® | |
Upper Primary or Below | 1.704*** (1.148–2.529) | |
Secondary | 1.962** (1.069–3.602) | |
Higher Secondary or above | 2.043** (1.124–3.712) | |
Economic Dependence | Fully dependent® | |
Partially dependent | 1.083 (0.710–1.652) | |
Not Dependent | 1.287 (0.837–1.980) | |
Economic Status | Poor® | |
Lower Middle | 1.169 (0.744–1.837) | |
Upper Middle | 1.198 (0.708–2.028) | |
Rich | 1.307 (0.716–2.383) | |
Household Size Squared | 1.001 (0.996–1.007) | |
Living arrangement | Alone® | |
With spouse and/or other members | 1.798* (0.953–3.392) | |
Health Insurance | Not insured® | |
Insured | 1.161 (0.801–1.681) | |
Region | Northeast® | |
South | 6.653† (2.630–16.831) | |
West | 4.886*** (1.736–13.756) | |
North | 3.360** (1.275–8.858) | |
Central | 3.554*** (1.389–9.098) | |
East | 2.786** (1.105–7.022) | |