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Table 3 Perceptions related to easiness in accessibility and permissiveness for consumption

From: Factors associated with crack-cocaine early initiation: a Brazilian multicenter study

Between 15 and 17, how easily did you get:

Very easy | Easy

Hard | Very hard

P-valuea

Adjusted p-valueb

Cigarettes (tobacco) (n = 564)

557 (98.7)

7 (1.3)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

21.5 (6.89, 20.9–22.0)

24.0 (11.61, 11.8–36.1)

0.382

0.128

Alcohol drinks (n = 564)

547 (97)

17 (3)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

21.4 (6.82, 20.8–22.0)

25.5 (9.80, 20.3–30.7)

0.020

0.441

Marijuana (n = 561)

501 (89.3)

60 (10.7)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

20.9 (6.62, 20.3–21.5)

26.8 (7.52, 24.8–28.7)

< 0.001

0.001

Cocaine (“snorted”) (n = 560)

388 (69.3)

172 (30.7)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

20.1 (6.24, 19.4–20.7)

24.9 (7.36, 23.8–26.0)

< 0.001

0.816

Crack cocaine (n = 559)

221 (39.5)

338 (60.5)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

17.1 (4.21, 16.5–17.6)

24.5 (6.87, 23.7–25.2)

< 0.001

< 0.001

During childhood and adolescence, did your parents or caregivers find normal an adolescent:

Yes | Partially

No

P-valuea

Adjusted p-valueb

To smoke cigarettes (tobacco)? (n = 519)

131 (25.2)

388 (74.8)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

20.9 (7.17, 19.7–22.1)

22.0 (6.81, 21.3–22.7)

0.109

0.192

To drink alcoholic beverages? (n = 520)

154 (29.5)

366 (70.5)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

21.4 (6.72, 20.3–22.4)

21.9 (6.96, 22.1–22.6)

0.468

0.866

To get drunk? (n = 520)

70 (13.4)

450 (86.6)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

21.2 (6.95, 19.6–22.9)

21.8 (6.90, 21.2–22.5)

0.047

0.949

To smoke marijuana? (n = 521)

18 (3.4)

503 (96.6)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

20.7 (7.34, 17.0–24.3)

21.8 (6.89, 21.2–22.4)

0.498

0.783

During childhood / adolescence, how often did your parents / caregivers:

Almost everyday | Weekly

Monthly | Never

P-valuea

Adjusted p-valueb

Smoke cigarettes (tobacco) (n = 519)

380 (73.2)

139 (26.8)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

22.0 (7.17, 21.3–22.8)

20.8 (6.05, 19.8–21.9)

0.081

0.063

Drink alcoholic beverages (n = 521)

299 (57.3)

222 (42.7)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

21.7 (6.64, 20.9–22.4)

21.8 (7.24, 20.9–22.8)

0.799

0.366

Get drunk (n = 519)

187 (36.1)

332 (63.9)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

20.9 (6.19, 20.0–21.8)

22.2 (7.22, 21.4–23.0)

0.047

0.034

Smoke marijuana (n = 516)

48 (9.2)

468 (90.8)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

20.5 (6.52, 18.6–22.4)

21.9 (6.94, 21.2–22.5)

0.198

0.337

Snorted cocaine (n = 515)

28 (5.4)

487 (94.6)

  

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

19.8 (4.99, 17.8–21.7)

21.9 (7.01, 21.2–22.5)

0.122

0.471

Between 15 and 17, how many friends of yours used to:

Nobody | A few | Some

Majority | Everybody

P-valuea

Adjusted p-valueb

Smoke cigarettes (tobacco) (n = 557)

216 (38.7)

341 (61.3)

0.001

0.019

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

22.6 (6.97, 21.7–23.6)

20.7 (6.77, 20.0–21.5)

Drink alcohol (n = 557)

201 (37)

356 (63)

< 0.001

0.027

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

23.3 (7.57, 22.3–24.4)

20.4 (6.27, 19.8–21.1)

Get drunk (n = 557)

264 (47)

295 (53)

< 0.001

0.837

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

22.9 (7.27, 22.0–23.8)

20.2 (6.29, 19.4–20.9)

Have problems related to alcohol use (n = 553)

324 (58.5)

229 (41.5)

< 0.001

0.928

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

22.5 (7.32, 21.7–23.4)

20.0 (5.99, 19.3–20.8)

Smoke marijuana (n = 556)

283 (50.9)

273 (49.1)

< 0.001

0.109

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

23.0 (7.07, 22.2–23.8)

19.9 (6.36, 19.1–20.6)

Smoke crack cocaine (n = 555)

498 (89.7)

57 (10.3)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Average age (SD, CI 95%)

22.2 (6.84, 21.6–22.8)

15.4 (3.89, 14.4–16.4)

  1. SD Standard deviation. CI Confidence Interval. Significant results (p < 0.05) are bolded
  2. at-test for independent variables
  3. bANOVA, analyses adjusted by Bonferroni test