Table 1 Family relationships (n = 577)
From: Factors associated with crack-cocaine early initiation: a Brazilian multicenter study
Characteristic | N (%) | Average age of first crack use | SD (CI 95%) | P-valuea | Adjusted p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lived continuously with his/her mother until 17 years old (n = 541) | |||||
 Yes | 389 (71.9) | 21.9 | 6.86 (19.5–21.7) | 0.061 | -c |
 No | 152 (28.1) | 20.6 | 6.98 (21.2–22.6) |  |  |
Until the age of 17, did you experience serious relationships problems with your mother for at least one month? (n = 387) | |||||
 Yes | 143 (36.9) | 20.5 | 6.36 (19.4–21.5) | 0.002 | 0.466 |
 No | 244 (63.1) | 22.7 | 7.22 (21.8–23.6) |  |  |
Lived continuously with his/her father until 17 years old (n = 544) | |||||
 Yes | 292 (53.6) | 22.5 | 7.06 (21.7–23.3) | 0.001 | -c |
 No | 252 (46.4) | 20.3 | 6.38 (19.6–21.1) |  |  |
Until the age of 17, did you experience serious relationships problems with your father for at least one month? (n = 291) | |||||
 Yes | 123 (42.1) | 20.9 | 5.73 (19.9–21.7) | 0.001 | -c |
 No | 168 (57.9) | 23.6 | 7.73 (22.4–24.8) |  |  |
From 8 to 18, how often did your parents or stepparents yell at each other? (n = 415) | |||||
 Never / rarely / sometimes | 298 (71.8) | 22.2 | 6.91 (20.8–23.6) | 0.691 | 0.320 |
 Often | 117 (28.2) | 21.8 | 6.54 (20.6–23.0) |  |  |
From 8 to 18, how often did your parents or stepparents physically assaulted each other? (n = 417) | |||||
 Never / rarely / sometimes | 272 (89.2) | 22.1 | 6.97 (21.3–23.0) | 0.824 | 0.570 |
 Often | 45 (10.8) | 21.9 | 6.89 (19.8–24.0) |  |  |
Have you witnessed fights with physical aggression between parents or caregivers? (n = 539) | |||||
 Yes | 236 (43.8) | 20.8 | 6.32 (20.0–21.6) | 0.038 | -c |
 No | 303 (56.2) | 22.1 | 7.39 (21.2–22.9) |  |  |
Did your father have trouble related to alcohol consumption? (n = 555) | |||||
 Yes | 297 (53.5) | 20.6 | 6.47 (19.9–21.3) | 0.001 | 0.210 |
 No | 258 (46.5) | 22.6 | 7.48 (21.7–23.5) |  |  |
Did your mother have trouble related to alcohol consumption? (n = 546) | |||||
 Yes | 82 (15) | 21.1 | 7.22 (19.5–22.7) | 0.491 | 0.620 |
 No | 464 (85) | 21.7 | 7.03 (21.1–22.4) |  |  |
During childhood or adolescence, have you ever felt yourself extremely mistreated – without food, shelter, medical care and deprived of your basic physical and emotional needs? (n = 570) | |||||
 Yes | 106 (18.5) | 20.1 | 6.52 (18.9–21.4) | 0.016 | 0.309 |
 No | 464 (81.5) | 21.9 | 7.08 (21.3–22.6) |  |  |
During childhood or adolescence, have you ever run away from home during the night? (n = 569) | |||||
 Yes | 213 (37.4) | 20.4 | 6.87 (19.5–21.3) | 0.001 | 0.185 |
 No | 464 (62.6) | 22.3 | 7.00 (21.6–23.0) |  |  |