| All (n = 3544) | No STI diagnosis (n = 3271) | STI diagnosis (n = 273) | p-value |
HIV status | Â | Â | Â | 0.30 |
 PLWH | 2931 (100.0%) | 2699 (92.1%) | 232 (7.9%) |  |
 People without HIV | 613 (100.0%) | 572 (93.3%) | 41 (6.7%) |  |
Study site |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Kayunga, Uganda | 639 (100.0%) | 503 (78.7%) | 136 (21.3%) |  |
 South Rift Valley, Kenya | 1232 (100.0%) | 1176 (95.5%) | 56 (4.5%) |  |
 Kisumu West, Kenya | 631 (100.0%) | 620 (98.3%) | 11 (1.7%) |  |
 Mbeya, Tanzania | 663 (100.0%) | 621 (93.7%) | 42 (6.3%) |  |
 Abuja & Lagos Nigeria | 379 (100.0%) | 351 (92.6%) | 28 (7.4%) |  |
Age at enrollment (years) |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 18–29 | 711 (100.0%) | 641 (90.2%) | 70 (9.8%) |  |
 30–39 | 1215 (100.0%) | 1109 (91.3%) | 106 (8.7%) |  |
 40–49 | 1063 (100.0%) | 987 (92.9%) | 76 (7.1%) |  |
 50+ | 555 (100.0%) | 534 (96.2%) | 21 (3.8%) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 |
 Primary or below | 2004 (100.0%) | 1825 (91.1%) | 179 (8.9%) |  |
 Secondary or above | 1540 (100.0%) | 1446 (93.9%) | 94 (6.1%) |  |
Sex |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Male | 1484 (100.0%) | 1425 (96.0%) | 59 (4.0%) |  |
 Female | 2060 (100.0%) | 1846 (89.6%) | 214 (10.4%) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 |
 Not married | 1451 (100.0%) | 1317 (90.8%) | 134 (9.2%) |  |
 Married | 2093 (100.0%) | 1954 (93.4%) | 139 (6.6%) |  |
Used condom at last sex with regular partner |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No regular partner | 981 (100.0%) | 898 (91.5%) | 83 (8.5%) |  |
 Used a condom | 1590 (100.0%) | 1503 (94.5%) | 87 (5.5%) |  |
 Did not use a condom | 916 (100.0%) | 816 (89.1%) | 100 (10.9%) |  |
 Missing | 57 (100.0%) | 54 (94.7%) | 3 (5.3%) |  |
Used condom at last sex with casual partner | Â | Â | Â | 0.020 |
 No casual partner | 3092 (100.0%) | 2850 (92.2%) | 242 (7.8%) |  |
 Used a condom | 279 (100.0%) | 266 (95.3%) | 13 (4.7%) |  |
 Did not use a condom | 118 (100.0%) | 103 (87.3%) | 15 (12.7%) |  |
 Missing | 55 (100.0%) | 52 (94.5%) | 3 (5.5%) |  |
Current number of sexual partners | Â | Â | Â | 0.24 |
 No sexual partners | 863 (100.0%) | 786 (91.1%) | 77 (8.9%) |  |
 One sexual partner | 2138 (100.0%) | 1985 (92.8%) | 153 (7.2%) |  |
 Two or more sexual partners | 485 (100.0%) | 445 (91.8%) | 40 (8.2%) |  |
 Missing | 58 (100.0%) | 55 (94.8%) | 3 (5.2%) |  |
Early sexual debut | Â | Â | Â | 0.042 |
 > 16 years at first sex | 1998 (100.0%) | 1858 (93.0%) | 140 (7.0%) |  |
 ≤ 16 years at first sex | 1440 (100.0%) | 1312 (91.1%) | 128 (8.9%) |  |
 Missing | 106 (100.0%) | 101 (95.3%) | 5 (4.7%) |  |
Consume alcohol | Â | Â | Â | 0.77 |
 No | 2827 (100.0%) | 2611 (92.4%) | 216 (7.6%) |  |
 Yes | 716 (100.0%) | 659 (92.0%) | 57 (8.0%) |  |
 Missing | 1 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
Recreational drug use | Â | Â | Â | 0.024 |
 No | 3438 (100.0%) | 3167 (92.1%) | 271 (7.9%) |  |
 Yes | 105 (100.0%) | 103 (98.1%) | 2 (1.9%) |  |
 Missing | 1 (100.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |
Depression a |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 2872 (100.0%) | 2679 (93.3%) | 193 (6.7%) |  |
 Yes | 672 (100.0%) | 592 (88.1%) | 80 (11.9%) |  |
HIV-related characteristics (among PLWH only) | ||||
 | All (n = 2915) | No STI diagnosis (n = 2683) | STI diagnosis (n = 232) | p-value |
Missed days of ART doses in past month |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 On ART, no days missed | 1736 (100.0%) | 1655 (95.3%) | 81 (4.7%) |  |
 On ART, one or more days missed | 280 (100.0%) | 261 (93.2%) | 19 (6.8%) |  |
 Not on ART | 899 (100.0%) | 767 (85.3%) | 132 (14.7%) |  |
Stigma b | Â | Â | Â | 0.24 |
 No | 2581 (100.0%) | 2381 (92.3%) | 200 (7.7%) |  |
 Yes | 334 (100.0%) | 302 (90.4%) | 32 (9.6%) |  |
Viral suppression |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 On ART, vl < 200 copies/mL | 1551 (100.0%) | 1487 (95.9%) | 64 (4.1%) |  |
 On ART, vl ≥ 200 copies/mL | 465 (100.0%) | 429 (92.3%) | 36 (7.7%) |  |
 Not on ART | 899 (100.0%) | 767 (85.3%) | 132 (14.7%) |  |