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Table 1 Study Population Characteristics at Enrollment Visit by STI Status

From: Factors associated with sexually transmitted infections among care-seeking adults in the African Cohort Study

 

All

(n = 3544)

No STI diagnosis

(n = 3271)

STI diagnosis

(n = 273)

p-value

HIV status

   

0.30

 PLWH

2931 (100.0%)

2699 (92.1%)

232 (7.9%)

 

 People without HIV

613 (100.0%)

572 (93.3%)

41 (6.7%)

 

Study site

   

< 0.001

 Kayunga, Uganda

639 (100.0%)

503 (78.7%)

136 (21.3%)

 

 South Rift Valley, Kenya

1232 (100.0%)

1176 (95.5%)

56 (4.5%)

 

 Kisumu West, Kenya

631 (100.0%)

620 (98.3%)

11 (1.7%)

 

 Mbeya, Tanzania

663 (100.0%)

621 (93.7%)

42 (6.3%)

 

 Abuja & Lagos Nigeria

379 (100.0%)

351 (92.6%)

28 (7.4%)

 

Age at enrollment (years)

   

< 0.001

 18–29

711 (100.0%)

641 (90.2%)

70 (9.8%)

 

 30–39

1215 (100.0%)

1109 (91.3%)

106 (8.7%)

 

 40–49

1063 (100.0%)

987 (92.9%)

76 (7.1%)

 

 50+

555 (100.0%)

534 (96.2%)

21 (3.8%)

 

Education

   

0.002

 Primary or below

2004 (100.0%)

1825 (91.1%)

179 (8.9%)

 

 Secondary or above

1540 (100.0%)

1446 (93.9%)

94 (6.1%)

 

Sex

   

< 0.001

 Male

1484 (100.0%)

1425 (96.0%)

59 (4.0%)

 

 Female

2060 (100.0%)

1846 (89.6%)

214 (10.4%)

 

Marital status

   

0.004

 Not married

1451 (100.0%)

1317 (90.8%)

134 (9.2%)

 

 Married

2093 (100.0%)

1954 (93.4%)

139 (6.6%)

 

Used condom at last sex with regular partner

   

< 0.001

 No regular partner

981 (100.0%)

898 (91.5%)

83 (8.5%)

 

 Used a condom

1590 (100.0%)

1503 (94.5%)

87 (5.5%)

 

 Did not use a condom

916 (100.0%)

816 (89.1%)

100 (10.9%)

 

 Missing

57 (100.0%)

54 (94.7%)

3 (5.3%)

 

Used condom at last sex with casual partner

   

0.020

 No casual partner

3092 (100.0%)

2850 (92.2%)

242 (7.8%)

 

 Used a condom

279 (100.0%)

266 (95.3%)

13 (4.7%)

 

 Did not use a condom

118 (100.0%)

103 (87.3%)

15 (12.7%)

 

 Missing

55 (100.0%)

52 (94.5%)

3 (5.5%)

 

Current number of sexual partners

   

0.24

 No sexual partners

863 (100.0%)

786 (91.1%)

77 (8.9%)

 

 One sexual partner

2138 (100.0%)

1985 (92.8%)

153 (7.2%)

 

 Two or more sexual partners

485 (100.0%)

445 (91.8%)

40 (8.2%)

 

 Missing

58 (100.0%)

55 (94.8%)

3 (5.2%)

 

Early sexual debut

   

0.042

 > 16 years at first sex

1998 (100.0%)

1858 (93.0%)

140 (7.0%)

 

 ≤ 16 years at first sex

1440 (100.0%)

1312 (91.1%)

128 (8.9%)

 

 Missing

106 (100.0%)

101 (95.3%)

5 (4.7%)

 

Consume alcohol

   

0.77

 No

2827 (100.0%)

2611 (92.4%)

216 (7.6%)

 

 Yes

716 (100.0%)

659 (92.0%)

57 (8.0%)

 

 Missing

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Recreational drug use

   

0.024

 No

3438 (100.0%)

3167 (92.1%)

271 (7.9%)

 

 Yes

105 (100.0%)

103 (98.1%)

2 (1.9%)

 

 Missing

1 (100.0%)

1 (100.0%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Depression a

   

< 0.001

 No

2872 (100.0%)

2679 (93.3%)

193 (6.7%)

 

 Yes

672 (100.0%)

592 (88.1%)

80 (11.9%)

 

HIV-related characteristics (among PLWH only)

 

All

(n = 2915)

No STI diagnosis

(n = 2683)

STI diagnosis

(n = 232)

p-value

Missed days of ART doses in past month

   

< 0.001

 On ART, no days missed

1736 (100.0%)

1655 (95.3%)

81 (4.7%)

 

 On ART, one or more days missed

280 (100.0%)

261 (93.2%)

19 (6.8%)

 

 Not on ART

899 (100.0%)

767 (85.3%)

132 (14.7%)

 

Stigma b

   

0.24

 No

2581 (100.0%)

2381 (92.3%)

200 (7.7%)

 

 Yes

334 (100.0%)

302 (90.4%)

32 (9.6%)

 

Viral suppression

   

< 0.001

 On ART, vl < 200 copies/mL

1551 (100.0%)

1487 (95.9%)

64 (4.1%)

 

 On ART, vl ≥ 200 copies/mL

465 (100.0%)

429 (92.3%)

36 (7.7%)

 

 Not on ART

899 (100.0%)

767 (85.3%)

132 (14.7%)

 
  1. All data are presented as n (row percentage). P-values were calculated using Chi-squared tests
  2. a Depression was assessed using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale; a cutoff point of 16 or greater was used to identify individuals at risk for clinical depression
  3. b Participants were defined as experiencing stigma if they had experienced any of the following: social isolation, physical violence, broken family relationships