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Table 3 Event probabilities for delivery settings and maternal and neonatal events related to complications

From: Cost estimation alongside a multi-regional, multi-country randomized trial of antenatal ultrasound in five low-and-middle-income countries

 

DRC

Kenya

Zambia

Guatemala

Pakistan

Location of child delivery and probability of Cesarean section delivery

Delivery location and probability (N for overall sample)a

4818

9170

9367

16,287

7243

Overall sample average

 Local village or home setting (%)

19.51

26.52

18.04

42.11

37.48

 Non-hospital clinic setting (%)

66.15

54.61

58.13

0.86

29.30

 Hospital setting (%)

14.34

18.87

23.83

57.03

33.22

 Proportion of deliveries with Cesarean section delivery (all trial participants) (%)

1.12

2.26

1.20

27.78

11.46

Higher-risk (complicated pregnancy) sub-sample of overall sample (n)

953

1143

1759

5458

2367

 Estimated proportion of higher-risk pregnancies (% of total sample per country)

19.78

12.46

18.77

33.51

33.00

Delivery location and probability

 Local village or home setting (%)

18.47

21.00

14.10

37.71

35.02

 Non-hospital clinic setting (%)

62.33

52.06

52.25

0.64

25.64

 Hospital setting (%)

19.20

26.95

33.66

61.65

39.33

Type of delivery

 Proportion of deliveries with Cesarean section delivery (%)

3.67

7.87

3.47

34.15

14.91

Maternal health-related complication probabilitiesa

 Maternal healthcare resource use (N)

145

142

163

1282

147

  Antibiotics (% yes)

86.25

78.70

43.95

83.30

93.90

  Hysterectomy after complication (% yes)

2.85

0.65

0.00

0.90

0.00

  Other surgery (% yes)

2.85

2.75

0.45

11.30

2.05

  Anesthesia (% yes)

17.50

30.35

8.40

61.35

2.75

  Blood transfusion (% yes)

13.25

6.10

3.20

4.50

21.70

  Inpatient ultrasound (% yes)

9.50

11.65

8.20

78.20

27.90

  Chest radiograph (% yes)

2.00

0.00

0.95

1.80

1.40

Neonatal health-related complication probabilitiesb

 Select neonatal healthcare resource use (sample ranges in countries per use type, N)c

4660-4908

7493-9288

6363-9456

15,827-16,394

3544-7284

  Neonatal hospitalization (% yes)

0.15

0.75

0.50

3.35

2.40

  Neonatal bath within six hours after delivery (% yes)

0.10

27.85

0.80

36.80

13.30

  Neonatal antibiotics (% yes)

1.55

0.50

0.20

3.80

10.80

  Neonatal oxygen use (% yes)

0.00

0.80

0.35

4.30

12.05

  Mechanical ventilation (% yes)

0.40

0.45

0.15

0.55

0.20

  Medical eye care (% yes)

1.25

15.20

1.00

56.25

0.90

  Medicinal cord care (% yes)

2.65

2.00

1.40

99.30

2.30

  Vitamin K (% Yes)

0.10

1.15

0.45

56.85

3.40

  1. aMaternal health-related complications reported from sub-sample direct data collection from clinical trial
  2. bNeonatal health-related complications reported from Maternal Health Registry
  3. cSample size range for specific neonatal complications included some variability