Table 1 Descriptive statistics for each covariate by quartile of Gender Inequality Index (GII)a
|  | Total Person Years | GII Q1 (N = 64,089) | GII Q2 (N = 38,778) | GII Q3 (N = 77,482) | GII Q4 (N = 118,879) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
Age at immigration (years) | |||||||||
 6–9 | 217,151.2 | 5799 | 9.0 | 4115 | 10.6 | 7718 | 10.0 | 11,745 | 9.9 |
 10–13 | 305,325.4 | 5824 | 9.1 | 3988 | 10.3 | 10,263 | 13.2 | 11,806 | 9.9 |
 14–17 | 336,155.5 | 6544 | 10.2 | 4137 | 10.7 | 11,106 | 14.3 | 11,547 | 9.7 |
 18–21 | 428,999.5 | 6607 | 10.3 | 5387 | 13.9 | 12,246 | 15.8 | 17,279 | 14.5 |
 22–25 | 686,966.7 | 14,994 | 23.4 | 9184 | 23.7 | 15,011 | 19.4 | 29,994 | 25.2 |
 26–29 | 885,133.3 | 24,321 | 37.9 | 11,967 | 30.9 | 21,138 | 27.3 | 36,508 | 30.7 |
Immigrant Status | |||||||||
 Economic Class | 1,149,898 | 31,326 | 48.9 | 13,788 | 35.6 | 33,902 | 43.8 | 46,086 | 38.8 |
 Family Class | 1,300,666.0 | 28,391 | 44.3 | 20,289 | 52.3 | 32,173 | 41.5 | 48,077 | 40.4 |
 Refugee | 409,167.5 | 4372 | 6.8 | 4701 | 12.1 | 11,407 | 14.7 | 24,716 | 20.8 |
Income Quintile | |||||||||
 Income Quintile 1 (Lowest) | 1,086,293.8 | 17,730 | 27.6 | 13,874 | 35.8 | 30,617 | 39.5 | 51,669 | 43.4 |
 Income Quintile 2 | 682,299.9 | 17,171 | 26.8 | 8452 | 21.8 | 17,996 | 23.2 | 27,107 | 22.8 |
 Income Quintile 3 | 493,501.4 | 11,165 | 17.4 | 6517 | 16.8 | 13,128 | 16.9 | 20,394 | 17.2 |
 Income Quintile 4 | 362,063.4 | 9758 | 15.2 | 5638 | 14.5 | 9446 | 12.2 | 13,102 | 11.0 |
 Income Quintile 5 (Highest) | 235,573.0 | 8265 | 12.9 | 4297 | 11.1 | 6295 | 8.1 | 6607 | 5.6 |
Immigration Period | |||||||||
 2003–2005 | 1,043,228.0 | 17,719 | 27.6 | 9932 | 25.6 | 17,339 | 22.4 | 30,533 | 25.7 |
 2006–2008 | 801,849.2 | 16,180 | 25.2 | 9383 | 24.2 | 19,571 | 25.3 | 25,299 | 21.3 |
 2009–2011 | 525,019.5 | 12,122 | 18.9 | 7881 | 20.3 | 17,441 | 22.5 | 23,299 | 19.6 |
 2012–2014 | 325,091.6 | 10,558 | 16.5 | 7190 | 18.5 | 12,333 | 15.9 | 22,124 | 18.6 |
 2015–2017 | 164,543.2 | 7510 | 11.7 | 4392 | 11.3 | 10,798 | 13.9 | 17,624 | 14.8 |
Region of Birth | |||||||||
 East Asia and Pacific | 746,448.7 | 44,884 | 70.0 | 5592 | 14.4 | 28,210 | 36.4 | 45 | 0 |
 Europe and Central Asia | 320,881.3 | 13,836 | 21.6 | 15,461 | 39.9 | 1817 | 2.3 | 141 | 0.1 |
 Latin America and the Caribbean | 315,510.1 | 0 | 0 | 7920 | 20.4 | 22,539 | 29.1 | 1717 | 1.4 |
 Middle East and North Africa | 329,639.2 | 2749 | 4.3 | 3976 | 10.3 | 12,930 | 16.7 | 18,441 | 15.5 |
 North America | 67,242.8 | 2620 | 4.1 | 5231 | 13.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 South Asia | 889,515.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10,514 | 13.6 | 79,814 | 67.1 |
 Sub-Saharan Africa | 190,493.5 | 0 | 0 | 598 | 1.5 | 1472 | 1.9 | 18,721 | 15.7 |
Gross National Income (GNI) Categorization | |||||||||
 Low-income economies | 706,343.2 | 0 | 0 | 2755 | 7.1 | 3414 | 4.4 | 55,222 | 46.5 |
 Lower-middle-income economies | 1,362,576 | 22,101 | 34.5 | 11,344 | 29.3 | 56,206 | 72.5 | 55,147 | 46.4 |
 Upper-middle-income economies | 467,041.2 | 18,730 | 29.2 | 14,754 | 38.0 | 17,707 | 22.9 | 5661 | 4.8 |
 High-income economies | 323,771.6 | 23,258 | 36.3 | 9925 | 25.6 | 155 | 0.2 | 2849 | 2.4 |
Marital Status (Immigrants age 18–29 at immigration) | |||||||||
 Married | 690,963.9 | 18,871 | 41.1 | 8304 | 31.3 | 22,981 | 47.5 | 24,554 | 29.3 |
 Separated/widowed/divorced | 12,592.48 | 139 | 0.3 | 253 | 1.0 | 302 | 0.6 | 559 | 0.7 |
 Single | 1,297,079.0 | 26,902 | 58.6 | 17,970 | 67.7 | 25,091 | 51.8 | 58,611 | 70.0 |
Education (Immigrants age 18–29 at immigration) | |||||||||
 Bachelors or higher | 762,473.4 | 17,755 | 38.7 | 9263 | 34.9 | 15,221 | 31.5 | 37,165 | 44.4 |
 Postgraduate less than Bachelors | 388,378.9 | 12,661 | 27.6 | 5758 | 21.7 | 9985 | 20.6 | 10,277 | 12.3 |
 Secondary or less | 837,774.9 | 14,610 | 31.8 | 11,178 | 42.1 | 22,830 | 47.2 | 34,871 | 41.6 |