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Table 3 Risk or odds of tuberculosis by severity of silicosis

From: The association between silica exposure, silicosis and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study by date

of publication

(effect measure)

Cowie 1994

(IR) [48]

Hnizdo 1998

(RR) [49]

(Autopsy grading)

Corbett 1999

(OR) [50]

Corbett 2000

(RR) [51]

Chang 2001

(RR) [52]

Adjusted/controlled for.

N

Age, date of CXR.

N = 1153

Age, smoking.

N = 2255

Age, HIV, duration employed, dusty job. N = 561

Age, HIV, duration employed, underground/surface job.

N = 4022

Age, sex, smoking.

N = 707

Grades or markers of extent of silicosis

None (n = 335):

1.0 (0, 2.0)

ILO 1 (n = 418):

2.2 (0.7, 3.6)

ILO 2 (n = 355):

2.9 (1.1, 4.6)

ILO 3 (n = 45):

6.3 (0, 13.4)

None (n = 577): 1.00

Negligible (n = 310):

1.86 (0.97, 3.58)

Slight (n = 196):

2.62 (1.36, 5.03)

Moderate/ marked(n = 213):

2.71 (1.41, 5.20)

None (n = 340):

1.00

ILO 0/1 (n = 69):

1.6 (0.86, 2.90)

ILO 1/0 (n = 48):

2.8 (1.24, 6.46)

ILO > 1/1 (n = 90):

4.9 (2.32, 10.58)

None (n = 2924): 1.00

ILO 0/1 (n = 460):

1.4 (1.0, 2.2)

ILO 1/0 (n = 212):

1.8 (1.0, 3.0)

ILO 1/1 (n = 156):

2.2 (1.3, 3.7)

ILO > 1/1 (n = 197):

2.5 (1.6, 4.0)

PMF (n = 141) vs no

PMF (n = 566): 3.78

(2.24, 6.35)

  1. 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. IR incidence rate (annual), RR relative risk, rate ratio or risk ratio (see Table 1), OR odds ratio;
  2. CXR chest x-ray, ILO International Labour Organization, PMF progressive massive fibrosis