Table 3 Social and economic consequences of COVID-19 pandemic
|  | Overall (N = 1734) | Delhi (N = 430) | Chennai (N = 494) | Sonipat (N = 410) | Vizag (N = 400) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact on self-care behaviors | Rural (N = 209) | Urban (N = 201) | Rural (N = 192) | Urban (N = 208) | |||
Adherence to a meal plan in the last 1 week | |||||||
 0 days | 553 (36.2) | 179 (51.6) | 227 (54.7) | 48 (25) | 46 (25) | 37 (20) | 16 (7.8) |
 1–3 days | 157 (10.3) | 4 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 52 (27.1) | 57 (31) | 26 (14.1) | 18 (8.7) |
 4 or more days | 819 (53.6) | 164 (47.3) | 188 (45.3) | 92 (47.9) | 81 (44) | 122 (66) | 172 (83.5) |
Irregular eating pattern in the last 1 week | |||||||
 0 days | 1365 (78.7) | 388 (90.2) | 456 (92.3) | 126 (60.3) | 116 (57.7) | 134 (69.8) | 145 (69.7) |
 1–3 days | 249 (14.4) | 32 (7.4) | 25 (5.1) | 39 (18.7) | 60 (29.9) | 44 (22.9) | 49 (23.6) |
 4 or more days | 120 (6.9) | 10 (2.3) | 13 (2.6) | 44 (21.1) | 25 (12.4) | 14 (7.3) | 14 (6.7) |
Physical activity in the last 1 week | |||||||
 0 days | 1038 (59.9) | 332 (77.2) | 338 (68.4) | 54 (25.8) | 90 (44.8) | 122 (63.5) | 102 (49) |
 1–3 days | 202 (11.7) | 36 (8.4) | 12 (2.4) | 83 (39.7) | 54 (26.9) | 7 (3.7) | 10 (4.8) |
 4 or more days | 494 (28.5) | 62 (14.4) | 144 (29.2) | 72 (34.5) | 57 (28.4) | 63 (32.8) | 96 (46.2) |
Fruits consumption during lockdown vs. pre-lockdown | |||||||
 Reduced fruit intake | 658 (37.9%) | 77 (17.9%) | 153 (31.0%) | 198 (94.7%) | 94 (46.8%) | 78 (40.6%) | 58 (27.9%) |
 Increased fruit intake | 105 (6.1%) | 40 (9.3%) | 10 (2.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 5 (2.5%) | 13 (6.8%) | 36 (17.3%) |
 No change in fruit intake | 971 (56.0%) | 313 (72.8%) | 331 (67.0%) | 10 (4.8%) | 102 (50.7%) | 101 (52.6%) | 114 (54.8%) |
Vegetables consumption during lockdown vs. pre-lockdown | |||||||
 Reduced vegetable intake | 485 (28.0%) | 49 (11.4%) | 67 (13.6%) | 191 (91.4%) | 81 (40.3%) | 61 (31.8%) | 36 (17.3%) |
 Increased vegetable intake | 196 (11.3%) | 46 (10.7%) | 39 (7.9%) | 2 (1.0%) | 8 (4.0%) | 35 (18.2%) | 66 (31.7%) |
 No change in vegetable intake | 1053 (60.7%) | 335 (77.9%) | 388 (78.5%) | 16 (7.7%) | 112 (55.7%) | 96 (50.0%) | 106 (51.0%) |
Duration and intensity of physical activity during lockdown vs. pre-lockdown | |||||||
 Decreased physical activity | 431 (24.9%) | 42 (9.8%) | 111 (22.5%) | 149 (71.3%) | 89 (44.3%) | 10 (5.2%) | 30 (14.4%) |
 Increased physical activity | 38 (2.2%) | 10 (2.3%) | 11 (2.2%) | 2 (1.0%) | 8 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (3.4%) |
 No change in physical activity | 227 (13.1%) | 46 (10.7%) | 34 (6.9%) | 4 (1.9%) | 14 (7.0%) | 60 (31.3%) | 69 (33.2%) |
Economic impact of COVID-19 | |||||||
 Experienced loss of job | 634 (36.6%) | 163 (37.9%) | 212 (42.9%) | 86 (41.1%) | 75 (37.3%) | 49 (25.5%) | 49 (23.6%) |
 Experienced loss of income | 1029 (59.3%) | 203 (47.2%) | 355 (71.9%) | 131 (62.7%) | 91 (45.3%) | 139 (72.4%) | 110 (52.9%) |
 Received financial support from the government | 774 (44.6%) | 36 (8.4%) | 460 (93.1%) | 34 (16.3%) | 14 (7.0%) | 163 (84.9%) | 67 (32.2%) |