|
Variable
|
Unadjusted
|
p
|
Adjusteda
|
p
|
|---|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
A. Socio-demographic factors
|
|
Age
|
|
> 24
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
20–24
|
1.502 (1.012–2.227)
|
0.043*
|
1.499 (1.009–2.222)
|
0.045*
|
|
≤ 19
|
1.401 (0.923–2.123)
|
0.114
|
1.397 (0.921–2.119)
|
0.116
|
|
Household number
| | | |
|
≤ 2
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
2–4
|
2.037 (1.172–3.534)
|
0.012*
|
1.894 (1.079–3.322)
|
0.026*
|
|
> 4
|
2.146 (1.247–3.690)
|
0.006**
|
1.984 (1.136–3.460)
|
0.016*
|
|
B. Familial history
|
|
Maternal Acne
|
|
Yes
|
2.872 (2.253–3.660)
|
< 0.001***
|
2.861 (2.239–3.655)
|
< 0.001***
|
|
No
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
Paternal Acne
|
|
Yes
|
3.314 (2.555–4.298)
|
< 0.001***
|
3.319 (2.553–4.315)
|
< 0.001***
|
|
No
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
Parental Acne
|
|
None
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
Only 1 parent
|
3.559 (2.494–5.076)
|
< 0.001***
|
3.663 (2.564–5.236)
|
< 0.001***
|
|
Both
|
3.497 (2.618–4.651)
|
< 0.001***
|
3.509 (2.625–4.717)
|
< 0.001***
|
|
Sibling Acne
|
|
Yes
|
3.187 (2.544–3.992)
|
< 0.001***
|
3.167 (2.527–3.968)
|
< 0.001***
|
|
No
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
Familial Acne
|
|
None
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
At least 1 parent/sibling
|
4.184 (3.279–5.348)
|
< 0.001***
|
4.202 (3.289–5.348)
|
< 0.001***
|
|
C. Lifestyle factors
|
|
Alcohol drinking
|
|
Non-drinker
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
Drinker
|
1.292 (1.071–1.560)
|
0.008**
|
1.264 (1.045–1.529)
|
0.016*
|
|
D. Dietary habits
|
|
Butter consumption
|
|
Never/ occasionally
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
Once or twice/week
|
0.917 (0.724–1.163)
|
0.476
|
0.912 (0.717–1.157)
|
0.446
|
|
Most or all days
|
0.672 (0.460–0.983)
|
0.041*
|
0.666 (0.455–0.975)
|
0.036*
|
|
Probiotic drink consumption
|
|
Never/ occasionally
|
1.00
|
–
|
1.00
|
–
|
|
Once or twice/week
|
1.189 (0.931–1.520)
|
0.165
|
1.185 (0.926–1.515)
|
0.178
|
|
Most or all days
|
0.723 (0.523–0.999)
|
0.049*
|
0.701 (0.506–0.973)
|
0.034*
|
- Values are odds ratio (95% CI)
- *p < 0.05 ** p ≤ 0.009 *** p ≤ 0.000
- aAdjusted for age and gender
