Table 4 Mask usage behaviour, timing and duration for handwashing among participants
From: Effectiveness of personal protective health behaviour against COVID-19
Total (N = 1137) | Non-infected (N = 1113) | Infected (N = 24) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Within 14 days before you returned to Macao, did you wear a mask when outdoors? | ||||
Each time (%) | 713/1137 (62.71%) | 707/1113 (63.52%) | 6/24 (25%) | < 0.001 |
Sometimes (%) | 248/1137 (21.81%) | 242/1113 (21.74%) | 6/24 (25%) | 0.702 |
Seldom (%) | 91/1137 (8%) | 88/1113 (7.91%) | 3/24 (12.5%) | 0.412 |
Never (%) | 84/1137 (7.39%) | 76/1113 (6.83%) | 8/24 (33.33%) | < 0.001 |
Your opinion on the frequency of accidentally touching the mouth and nose area after wearing a mask | ||||
Less (%) | 906/1134 (79.89%) | 888/1113 (79.78%) | 18/21 (85.71%) | 0.783 |
Same (%) | 178/1134 (15.7%) | 177/1113 (15.9%) | 1/21 (4.76%) | 0.230 |
Increase (%) | 50/1134 (4.41%) | 48/1113 (4.31%) | 2/21 (9.52%) | 0.236 |
Do you think that hand hygiene is less important after wearing a mask? (yes, %) | 56/1134 (4.94%) | 55/1113 (4.94%) | 1/21 (4.76%) | 1.000 |
Did you frequently wash hands under the following situations within 14 days before returning to Macao? | ||||
When your hands are visibly dirty (Yes, %) | 906/1137 (79.68%) | 885/1113 (79.51%) | 21/24 (87.5%) | 0.447 |
Before eating (Yes, %) | 832/1137 (73.18%) | 818/1113 (73.5%) | 14/24 (58.33%) | 0.087 |
Before handling food or cooking (Yes, %) | 1041/1137 (91.56%) | 1020/1113 (91.64%) | 21/24 (87.5%) | 0.448 |
After handling food or cooking (Yes, %) | 1066/1137 (93.76%) | 1048/1113 (94.16%) | 18/24 (75%) | < 0.001 |
After defecation (Yes, %) | 1084/1137 (95.34%) | 1063/1113 (95.51%) | 21/24 (87.5%) | 0.097 |
After a toilet trip (Yes, %) | 1037/1137 (91.2%) | 1018/1113 (91.46%) | 19/24 (79.17%) | 0.035 |
After outdoor activity (Yes, %) | 1127/1137 (99.12%) | 1107/1113 (99.46%) | 20/24 (83.33%) | < 0.001 |
Before attending to a child or sick person (Yes, %) | 1048/1137 (92.17%) | 1028/1113 (92.36%) | 20/24 (83.33%) | 0.112 |
After attending to a child or sick person (Yes, %) | 1047/1137 (92.08%) | 1027/1113 (92.27%) | 20/24 (83.33%) | 0.115 |
After sneezing or coughing (Yes, %) | 909/1137 (79.95%) | 896/1113 (80.5%) | 13/24 (54.17%) | 0.001 |
After handling pet (Yes, %) | 918/1137 (80.74%) | 904/1113 (81.22%) | 14/24 (58.33%) | 0.005 |
Before touching the mouth and nose area (Yes, %) | 975/1137 (85.75%) | 963/1113 (86.52%) | 12/24 (50%) | < 0.001 |
Duration for handwashing each time within 14 days before returning to Macao (seconds, mean ± std. deviation) | 23.6 ± 16.1 | 23.7 ± 16.1 | 18.8 ± 11.2 | 0.136 |
Handwashing for over 20 s each time (yes, %) | 356/1127 (31.59%) | 352/1103 (31.91%) | 4/24 (16.67%) | 0.125 |
The estimated number of handwashes with soap or alcoholic sanitizers per day within 14 days before returning to Macao (mean ± std. deviation) | 9.2 ± 8.4 | 9.2 ± 8.4 | 9.1 ± 8.4 | 0.958 |