Table 5 Cardiometabolic outcomes in the young adult offspring at a mean age of 20.6 years in association with maternal body mass index (BMI) status early in pregnancy, derived from both unadjusted and adjusted analyses
| Â | UNADJUSTED | ADJUSTED | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underweight | Normal weight | Overweight/obesity | Underweight | Normal weight | Overweight/obesity | ||
Glucose metabolism | n (%) | 62 (100%) | 497 (97%) | 51 (96%) | 62 (100%) | 497 (97%) | 51 (96%) |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 83 (81, 85) | 83 (82, 83) | 83 (81, 85) | 83 (81, 85) | 83 (82, 84) | 83 (81, 86) | |
Fasting insulin (mIU/L) | 7.34 (6.29, 8.79) | 7.24 (6.83, 7.68) | 8.41 (6.99, 10.12) | 7.21 (6.04, 8.61) | 7.15 (6.74, 7.60) | 8.72 (7.21, 10.55) | |
HOMA-IR | 1.53 (1.28, 1.82) | 1.48 (1.40, 1.58) | 1.72 (1.42, 2.08) | 1.49 (1.24, 1.79) | 1.47 (1.38, 1.56) | 1.79 (1.47, 2.18) | |
Atherosclerosis marker | n (%) | 61 (98%) | 488 (95%) | 51 (96%) | 61 (98%) | 488 (95%) | 51 (96%) |
CIMT (mm) | 0.443 (0.435. 0.451) | 0.439 (0.436, 0.442) | 0.436 (0.428, 0.445) | 0.445 (0.436, 0.453) | 0.440 (0.437, 0.443) | 0.435 (0.426, 0.444) | |
Blood pressure | n (%) | 62 (100%) | 504 (98%) | 52 (98%) | 62 (100%) | 504 (98%) | 52 (98%) |
Systolic (mmHg) | 114 (111, 117) | 115 (113, 116) | 116 (112, 119) | 114 (111, 117) | 115 (114, 116) | 116 (113, 119) | |
Diastolic (mmHg) | 74 (71, 77) | 74 (73, 75) | 74 (71, 77) | 74 (72, 77) | 74 (73, 75) | 74 (71, 77) | |
Lipid profile | n (%) | 62 (100%) | 497 (97%) | 52 (98%) | 62 (100%) | 497 (97%) | 52 (98%) |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 168 (159, 176) | 168 (165, 171) | 174 (165, 184) | 167 (157, 176) | 167 (164, 170) | 173 (163, 183) | |
HDL (mg/dL) | 55 (52, 59) | 57 (55, 58) | 54 (50, 58) | 55 (51, 59) | 57 (55, 58) | 53 (49, 57) | |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 82 (73, 93) | 75 (72, 79) | 75 (65, 85) | 82 (72, 93) | 76 (72, 79) | 76 (66, 88) | |
Total cholesterol/HDL | 3.13 (2.91, 3.35) | 3.11 (3.03, 3.19)* | 3.36 (3.12, 3.59) | 3.13 (2.90, 3.36) | 3.11 (3.03, 3.18)* | 3.41 (3.16, 3.64) | |