Table 1 Explanatory Variables, descriptions and sources
Independent variables | Definition | Source |
|---|---|---|
Log public health expenditure | Logarithm of average public health expenditure over the last 10 years (2009–2018) | Spanish Health Ministry |
Doctors | Number of active registered doctors per 100,000 inhabitants | INE, 2018 |
Hospital beds | Number of hospital beds (public and private) per 100,000 inhabitants | Eurostat, 2017 |
Nursing homes beds | Number of places in nursing homes per 100 inhabitants over 64 years of age | Spanish Ministry of Economics, 2019 |
Proportion of care homes over 100 beds | Proportion of care homes places in care homes with more than 100 places over the total | Spanish Ministry of Economics, 2019 |
Log GDP per capita | Logarithm of GDP per capita | INE, 2019 |
Aeroplane passengers | Total number of air passenger traffic in each of the regions, in thousands | AENA, February 2020 |
Proportion of elderly people | Proportion of the population aged 65 or above, over the total. | INE, 2019 |
Proportion of urban people | Proportion of population living in municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants | INE, 2019 |
Gini index | Income inequality within each region | INE / EUROSTAT, 2017 |
Island region | Dummy variable indicating whether each of the regions is an island or not | |
PM2.5 concentration | Population-weighted average of the annual average concentration of PM2.5 (μg/m3) | INE, 2018 |