Impacts of injury severity on long-term outcomes following motor vehicle crashes

Hung, Kevin K. C.; Kifley, Annette; Brown, Katherine; Jagnoor, Jagnoor; Craig, Ashley; Gabbe, Belinda; Derrett, Sarah; Dinh, Michael; Gopinath, Bamini; Cameron, Ian D.

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10638-7

BMC Public Health

Table 3 Adjusted mixed models for repeated measures over time

From: Impacts of injury severity on long-term outcomes following motor vehicle crashes

	Mean difference β (95% CI)	p value	Mean difference β (95% CI)	p value	Interaction p value*
	PRE INJURY		12 MONTH FOLLOW UP
PAID WORK
Model 1: Minimally sufficient adjustment at or before injury**					0.18
LOS ≤ 1 day	Ref		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	−0.07 (−0.36, 0.22)	0.6	−0.23 (−0.59, 0.12)	0.19
LOS ≥7 days	−0.25 (−0.66, 0.16)	0.2	−0.70 (−1.21, − 0.19)	0.007
Model 2: Full adjustment including post-injury factors**					0.27
LOS ≤ 1 day	Ref		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	−0.06 (− 0.37, 0.25)	0.7	− 0.22 (− 0.59, 0.15)	0.2
LOS 7+ days	− 0.27 (− 0.69, 0.16)	0.2	− 0.67 (− 1.20,-0.14)	0.012
	BASELINE POST INJURY		12 MONTH FOLLOW UP
SF12 PCS
Model 1: Minimally sufficient adjustment at or before injury**					< 0.0001
LOS ≤ 1 day	Ref		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	−8.29 (−9.40, −7.18)	< 0.0001	−2.25 (−3.46, −1.04)	0.0003
LOS ≥7 days	− 11.5 (−13.2, −9.8)	< 0.0001	−8.78 (− 10.7, −6.92)	< 0.0001
Model 2: Full adjustment including post-injury factors**					< 0.0001
LOS ≤ 1 day	Ref		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	−6.42 (−7.37, −5.46)	< 0.0001	−0.41 (−1.56, 0.74)	0.5
LOS ≥7 days	− 8.49 (− 9.89, − 7.09)	< 0.0001	−5.64 (−7.41, −3.87)	< 0.0001
SF12 MCS
Model 1: Minimally sufficient adjustment at or before injury**					0.24
LOS ≤ 1 day	Ref		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	−1.13 (−2.29, 0.03)	0.055	−1.65 (− 2.89, −0.40)	0.009
LOS ≥7 days	−2.50 (−4.19, − 0.81)	0.0036	−3.05 (−4.96, − 1.13)	0.0018
Model 2: Full adjustment including post-injury factors**					0.31
LOS ≤ 1 day	Ref		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	0.18 (−0.73, 1.09)	0.69	−0.36 (− 1.48, 0.77)	0.53
LOS ≥7 days	−0.51 (−1.83, 0.81)	0.44	−0.99 (− 2.73, 0.74)	0.26
EQ 5D summary score
Model 1: Minimally sufficient adjustment at or before injury**					< 0.0001
LOS ≤ 1 day	Ref		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	−0.21 (− 0.25, − 0.17)	< 0.0001	− 0.06 (− 0.09, − 0.02)	0.0002
LOS ≥7 days	−0.38 (− 0.43, − 0.32)	< 0.0001	−0.15 (− 0.20,-0.10)	< 0.0001
Model 2: Full adjustment including post-injury factors**					< 0.0001
LOS ≤ 1 day	Ref		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	− 0.16 (− 0.19, − 0.12)	< 0.0001	− 0.01 (− 0.04, 0.02)	0.53
LOS ≥7 days	− 0.29 (− 0.34, − 0.24)	< 0.0001	− 0.07 (− 0.11,-0.02)	0.001
WHODAS
Model 1: Minimally sufficient adjustment at or before injury**
LOS ≤ 1 day	–		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	–		3.33 (1.13, 5.53)	0.003
LOS ≥7 days	–		13.36 (9.96, 16.8)	< 0.0001
Model 2: Full adjustment including post-injury factors**
LOS ≤ 1 day	–		Ref
LOS 2–6 days	–		0.73 (−1.18, 2.64)	0.45
LOS ≥7 days	–		9.23 (6.27, 12.2)	< 0.0001

Footnotes:
*Interaction p value for interaction between time point and ISS category
**Minimally sufficient adjustment factors for both exposure and outcome (Model 1): age, sex, crash role, perceived danger in crash, preinjury health, preinjury EQ. 5D, recruitment source
Full adjustment for all factors hypothesised to underlie either exposure or outcome status (Model 2), including post-injury factors: covariates from Model 1 PLUS education, preinjury work, social satisfaction, preinjury history of anxiety or depression, pain at baseline, pain catastrophising at baseline, DASS-21 and IESR scores at baseline, and CTP claimant status.

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcpublichealth@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com