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Table 3 Results from the generalized linear model to predict the specific days of incapacity to work (due to mental illness) by self-reported mental distress, controlled for socio-demographic characteristics of the sample

From: Socio-economic consequences of mental distress: quantifying the impact of self-reported mental distress on the days of incapacity to work and medical costs in a two-year period: a longitudinal study in Germany

 

Specific DIW in the first year

Specific DIW in the second year

M

95% CI

Exp(B)

95% CI

p-value

M

95% CI

Exp(B)

95% CI

p-value

Constant

   

0.78

0.36

1.69

.533

   

1.25

0.58

2.69

.567

Gender

 Malea

11.2

5.1

24.5

1.00

   

10.2

4.4

23.3

1.00

   

 Female

17.5

9.1

33.9

1.57

0.91

2.69

.373

15.1

7.4

30.9

1.48

0.87

2.52

.147

Age groups

 18–33 yearsa

11.1

5.0

24.5

1.00

   

11.3

4.9

26.1

1.00

   

 34–49 years

16.3

8.1

32.5

1.47

0.89

2.41

.129

11.5

5.4

24.5

1.01

0.62

1.65

.964

 50–65 years

15.2

7.7

29.7

1.37

0.83

2.26

.221

14.6

7.1

30.0

1.29

0.79

2.09

.309

Marital status

 Marrieda

14.2

7.2

28.1

1.00

   

11.2

5.4

23.4

1.00

   

 Not married

13.7

6.8

27.9

0.96

0.68

1.36

.835

13.6

6.4

29.2

1.22

0.87

1.70

.258

Years of school education

 13 years (A-Level)a

10.8

5.2

22.6

1.00

   

7.3

3.3

16.1

1.00

   

 10 years

13.1

6.7

25.8

1.21

0.80

1.83

.360

10.2

4.8

21.7

1.41

0.92

2.15

.114

 9 years

12.1

6.0

24.6

1.12

0.70

1.79

.636

13.1

6.0

28.4

1.80

1.13

2.85

.013

 No school-leaving certificate

22.1

8.7

56.5

2.04

0.93

4.48

.074

24.2

9.5

61.6

3.32

1.51

7.28

.003

Employment Status

 Employeda

8.4

6.0

11.7

1.00

   

9.0

6.5

12.5

1.00

   

 Unemployed

23.4

6.6

82.5

2.80

0.80

9.86

.108

17.0

4.2

68.0

1.88

0.46

7.59

.377

Mental distress category (HADS)

 No casea

2.6

1.2

5.6

1.00

   

4.3

2.0

9.3

1.00

   

 Mild case

7.4

3.5

15.8

2.83

1.78

4.49

< .001

6.2

2.8

14.0

1.46

0.94

2.28

.095

 Moderate case

27.5

13.6

55.9

10.50

7.04

15.67

< .001

20.1

9.5

42.4

4.71

3.21

6.90

< .001

 Severe case

71.5

34.7

147.1

27.26

15.79

47.07

< .001

43.9

19.5

99.0

10.29

5.97

17.72

< .001

  1. Note. N = 2.287. t0 Assessment of predictor variables. M Mean days of incapacity to work, CI 95% confidence interval, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. areference category. Method = log-link function, Tweedie-distribution of residuals