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Table 1 Description of demographic and health surveys data by countries, rural percentage and diarrhoea prevalence among under-five children in LMIC, 2010–2018

From: Mind the gap: what explains the rural-nonrural inequality in diarrhoea among under-five children in low and medium-income countries? A decomposition analysis

Country Year of Survey Number of clusters Number of Under 5 Children Weighted (%) Rural Weighted Diarrhoea Prevalence (%)
Overall aRural bNon-rural
(a)
All   63,378 796,150 68.0 **14.2 *14.6 13.4
Eastern Africa   6298 102,886 79.0 16.7 17.0 15.6
 Burundi 2016 554 12,431 90.8 22.5 23.0 *18.1
 Comoros 2012 252 2949 72.5 17.0 17.2 16.3
 Ethiopia 2016 643 9916 88.8 11.9 12.0 11.0
 Kenya 2014 1593 19,889 64.4 15.4 15.8 *14.5
 Malawi 2016 850 16,246 86.8 21.9 21.3 *26.1
 Mozambique 2011 610 10,157 72.4 11.2 10.8 *12.4
 Rwanda 2014 492 7474 83.3 12.2 12.7 *10.0
 Tanzania 2015 608 9445 73.5 12.1 11.2 *14.5
 Uganda 2016 696 14,379 78.8 20.0 20.7 *17.5
Middle Africa   3081 71,630 57.7 19.0 19.2 18.8
 Angola 2016 625 13,463 39.1 15.7 14.9 *16.3
 Cameroon 2011 578 10,326 56.9 21.7 24.2 *18.4
 Chad 2015 624 16,710 80.6 22.3 22.0 23.2
 Congo 2012 384 8723 39.5 19.3 15.2 *22.0
 Congo DR 2014 536 16,994 69.1 17.0 16.2 *18.8
 Gabon 2012 334 5414 15.4 16.8 18.4 16.5
Northern Africa   874 15,458 68.9 14.0 14.9 12.2
 Egypt 2014 874 15,458 68.9 14.0 14.9 *12.2
Southern Africa   2544 25,529 60.7 15.5 16.3 *14.3
 Lesotho 2014 396 2824 72.0 12.2 12.8 10.8
 Namibia 2013 536 4449 52.2 19.1 21.5 *16.4
 South Africa 2016 668 3241 36.7 11.0 13.2 *9.7
 Zambia 2018 545 9311 64.8 15.5 15.6 15.3
 Zimbabwe 2015 399 5704 68.2 17.1 17.1 17.0
West Africa   6285 139,382 67.3 14.7 15.3 *13.4
 Benin 2018 555 12,512 61.0 10.5 11.1 *9.6
 Burkina Faso 2010 573 13,621 82.7 14.9 14.5 *16.4
 Cote d’Ivoire 2012 351 6876 62.4 18.5 18.0 19.2
 Gambia 2013 281 7633 52.7 17.8 16.7 *18.9
 Ghana 2014 427 5539 55.0 11.9 12.9 *10.6
 Guinea 2015 401 7213 70.4 14.6 14.6 14.6
 Liberia 2013 322 6806 50.1 22.7 24.7 *20.7
 Mali 2018 345 9171 79.3 17.2 17.9 *14.7
 Niger 2012 476 11,437 86.3 14.4 14.1 *16.2
 Nigeria 2018 1389 30,603 60.5 12.8 14.9 *9.6
 Senegal 2017 400 11,253 63.1 18.0 19.3 *15.8
 Sierra Leone 2013 435 10,254 74.9 11.5 11.3 12.3
 Togo 2013 330 6464 63.9 15.2 17.7 *10.8
Central Asia   682 10,216 75.5 10.2 10.7 *8.5
 Kyrgyz Rep 2012 316 4222 70.2 5.2 5.8 *3.8
 Tajikistan 2017 366 5994 78.9 13.3 13.4 12.7
South-Eastern Asia   1850 17,168 68.3 9.0 9.8 *7.2
 Cambodia 2014 609 6934 85.5 12.9 12.9 12.8
 Philippines 2017 1241 10,234 55.8 6.1 6.3 5.8
(b)
All   63,378 796,150 68.0 **14.2 *14.6 13.4
Southern Asia   33,053 322,219 70.5 11.5 11.9 *10.8
 Afghanistan 2015 956 30,520 76.7 29.1 28.1 *32.4
 Bangladesh 2014 600 7541 74.4 5.7 5.7 5.7
 India 2016 28,321 247,181 71.6 9.2 9.6 *8.2
 Indonesia 2017 1967 17,155 51.5 14.2 15.4 *12.9
 Maldives 2016 265 3048 64.8 4.2 4.4 4.0
 Nepal 2016 383 4827 45.9 7.7 7.4 7.9
 Pakistan 2018 561 11,947 67.6 19.2 19.2 19.2
Western Asia   2048 27,441 48.8 21.8 29.1 *14.9
 Armenia 2016 306 1709 42.3 3.8 5.4 *2.7
 Jordan 2017 962 10,454 11.5 9.7 9.8 9.6
 Yemen 2013 780 15,278 72.8 31.4 32.6 *28.3
Central America   1996 22,524 59.5 18.7 19.3 *17.8
 Guatemala 2014 856 12,038 64.1 19.2 19.3 19.1
 Honduras 2011 1140 10,486 53.8 18.0 19.1 *16.6
South America   1401 9408 34.3 12.3 12.8 12.1
 Peru 2012 1401 9408 34.3 12.3 12.8 12.1
Southern Europe   651 2745 43.8 6.1 8.2 *4.4
 Albania 2018 651 2745 43.8 6.1 8.2 *4.4
Caribbean   1860 21,129 62.8 15.0 13.6 *17.4
 Dominican Rep 2013 516 3560 25.5 18.2 17.5 18.4
 Haiti 2016 449 6082 64.9 21.4 20.6 *22.8
 Myanmar 2014 440 4575 77.5 10.5 11.1 *8.4
 Timor-Leste 2016 455 6912 71.1 10.8 9.1 *14.8
Oceania   755 8415 89.2 15.4 14.5 *23.2
Papua New Guinea 2016 755 8415 89.2 15.4 14.5 *23.2
  1. **significant at 5% Chi-square test, *significant at 5% test of equality of proportions a and b
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