Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
|  | Total n (%) N = 264,230 | Male n (%) N = 99,590 | Female n (%) N = 164,640 |
|---|---|---|---|
Age in years (mean (SD)) | 49.5 (12.7) | 51.2 (11.7) | 48.5 (13.2) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 33.8 (6.1) | 33.2 (5.4) | 34.2 (6.4) |
Ethnicity | |||
 White | 168,330 (63.7) | 62,873 (63.1) | 105,457 (64.1) |
 Black African | 2154 (0.8) | 548 (0.6) | 1606 (1.0) |
 Black Caribbean | 2059 (0.8) | 495 (0.5) | 1564 (1.0) |
 Black other | 595 (0.2) | 146 (0.2) | 449 (0.3) |
 Bangladeshi | 334 (0.1) | 98 (0.1) | 236 (0.1) |
 Chinese | 158 (0.1) | 56 (0.1) | 102 (0.1) |
 Indian | 2908 (1.1) | 1032 (1.0) | 1876 (1.1) |
 Pakistani | 1852 (0.7) | 603 (0.6) | 1249 (0.8) |
 Mixed | 595 (0.2) | 170 (0.2) | 425 (0.3) |
 Other Asian | 1306 (0.5) | 518 (0.5) | 788 (0.5) |
 Other (unspecified) | 2498 (1.0) | 920 (0.9) | 1578 (1.0) |
Missing ethnicity records | 81,441 (30.8) | 32,131 (32.3) | 49,310 (30.0) |
IMD quintile | |||
 1 (least deprived) | 25,534 (9.7) | 10,186 (10.2) | 15,348 (9.3) |
 2 | 29,958 (11.3) | 11,404 (11.5) | 18,554 (11.3) |
 3 | 28,070 (10.6) | 10,260 (10.3) | 17,810 (10.8) |
 4 | 30,167 (11.4) | 10,697(10.7) | 19,470 (11.8) |
 5 (most deprived) | 24,911 (9.4) | 8517 (8.6) | 16,394 (10.0) |
Missing records | 125,590 (47.5) | 48,526 (48.7) | 77,064 (46.8) |
Smoking status | |||
 Ex-smoker | 78,539 (29.7) | 37,187 (37.3) | 41,352 (25.1) |
 Light smoker (1–9 cigs/day) | 18,053 (6.8) | 7209 (7.2) | 10,844 (6.6) |
 Moderate smoker (10–19/day) | 13,182 (5.0) | 4173 (4.2) | 9009 (5.5) |
 Heavy smoker (20–39/day) | 11,213 (4.2) | 4622 (4.6) | 6591 (4.0) |
 Non-smoker | 142,969 (54.1) | 46,289 (46.5) | 96,680 (58.7) |
Missing | 274 (0.1) | 110 (0.1) | 164 (0.1) |
Alcohol consumption | |||
 Trivial (<  1 unit/day) | 88,408 (33.5) | 28,902 (29.0) | 59,506 (36.1) |
 Light (1–2 units/day) | 39,423 (14.9) | 19,986 (20.1) | 19,437 (11.8) |
 Moderate (3–6 units/day) | 22,394 (8.5) | 13,231 (13.3) | 9163 (5.6) |
 Heavy (7–9 units/day) | 7090 (2.7) | 5271 (5.3) | 1819 (1.1) |
 Very heavy (> 9 units/day) | 4377 (1.7) | 3621 (3.6) | 756 (0.5) |
 Ex-alcohol consumption | 9660 (3.7) | 4477 (4.5) | 5183 (3.2) |
 No alcohol consumption | 84,698 (32.1) | 21,433 (21.5) | 63,265 (38.4) |
Missing | 8180 (3.1) | 2669 (2.7) | 5511 (3.4) |
Co-morbidities | |||
 Atrial fibrillation | 2144 (0.8) | 1266 (1.3) | 878 (0.5) |
 Chronic kidney disease | 2460 (0.9) | 953 (1.0) | 1507 (0.9) |
 Hypertension | 52,574 (19.9) | 22,203 (22.3) | 30,371 (18.4) |
 Type-2 diabetes | 22,844 (8.6) | 11,682 (11.7) | 11,162 (6.8) |
 Rheumatoid arthritis /inflammatory diseases | 4857 (1.8) | 1078 (1.1) | 3779 (2.3) |