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Table 4 Estimation results of a multilevel regression model to explain self-rated health Dependent variable: self-rated health (standardized)a

From: How does area-level deprivation depress an individual’s self-rated health and life satisfaction? Evidence from a nationwide population-based survey in Japan

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Coef.

SE

Coef.

SE

Coef.

SE

Municipality-level deprivation

 Moderate

  

−0.06*

(0.02)

−0.05*

(0.02)

 High

  

−0.05*

(0.02)

−0.05*

(0.02)

Individual-level

 Income poverty

0.21***

(0.03)

  

−0.21***

(0.03)

 Lowest educational attainment

−0.22***

(0.05)

  

−0.22***

(0.05)

 Unemployed

−0.27***

(0.05)

  

−0.27***

(0.05)

 Having no spouse

−0.15***

(0.02)

−0.17***

(0.02)

−0.15***

(0.02)

 Female

0.02

(0.02)

0.01

(0.02)

0.02

(0.02)

 Age: 30–39 years

−0.19***

(0.03)

−0.17***

(0.03)

−0.19***

(0.03)

 Age: 40–69 years

−0.40***

(0.03)

−0.39***

(0.03)

−0.40***

(0.03)

 Age: 50–59 years

−0.53***

(0.03)

−0.52***

(0.03)

−0.53***

(0.03)

 Age: 60 or above

−0.41***

(0.03)

−0.39***

(0.03)

−0.41***

(0.03)

 Surveyed in 2020

0.01

(0.02)

0.01

(0.02)

0.01

(0.02)

  1. N = 12,461 (in 366 municipalities)
  2. a The higher, the poorer
  3. *** p < 0.001, * p < 0.05