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Table 4 Associations between CBW status and health outcomes

From: Cross-border mobility in European countries: associations between cross-border worker status and health outcomes

NBCWs = reference group value 1

Model of regression

DE CBWs

p1

BE CBWs

p1

CH CBWs

p1

LU CBWs

p1

Total CBWs

p1

Unadjusted

 Low perceived health

1.31

(0.934–1.846)

NS

0.89

(0.615–1.292)

NS

0.70

(0.576–0.845)

***

0.69

(0.532–0.907)

***

0.75

(0.660–0.858)

***

 Activity limitation

1.32

(0.912–1.903)

NS

0.79

(0.492–1.254)

NS

0.65

(0.515–0.825)

***

0.65

(0.481–0.870)

***

0.73

(0.622–0.850)

***

 Chronic diseases

1.52

(1.128–2.039)

***

0.81

(0.583–1.132)

NS

0.79

(0.668–0.944)

***

0.60

(0.471–0.753)

***

0.82

(0.731–0.925)

***

 Disability

0.58

(0.279–1.201)

NS

0.37

(0.159–0.861)

**

0.33

(0.197–0.547)

***

0.50

(0.313–0.811)

***

0.40

(0.299–0.537)

***

 No leisure activities

0.73

(0.513–1.044)

*

1.44

(0.976–2.123)

*

0.94

(0.766–1.140)

NS

1.43

(1.068–1.912)

**

1.06

(0.917–1.221)

NS

Adjusted

 Low perceived health

1.10

(0.772–1.576)

NS

0.82

(0.550–1.209)

NS

0.74

(0.602–0.905)

***

0.72

(0.540–0.954)

**

0.78

(0.675–0.893)

***

 Activity limitation

1.04

(0.713–1.511)

NS

0.75

(0.456–1.228)

NS

0.71

(0.552–0.900)

***

0.64

(0.463–0.894)

***

0.74

(0.626–0.871)

***

 Chronic diseases

1.39

(1.020–1.886)

**

0.84

(0.592–1.180)

NS

0.80

(0.667–0.960)

**

0.66

(0.516–0.840)

***

0.81

(0.713–0.914)

***

 Disability

0.45

(0.217–0.947)

**

0.32

(0.135–0.747)

***

0.33

(0.199–0.550)

***

0.49

(0.296–0.818)

***

0.39

(0.290–0.529)

***

 No leisure activities

0.53

(0.358–0.782)

***

1.19

(0.798–1.766)

NS

0.87

(0.701–1.071)

NS

1.21

(0.892–1.634)

NS

0.95

(0.816–1.102)

NS

Fully adjusted

 Low perceived health

1.18

(0.815–1.710)

NS

0.91

(0.606–1.361)

NS

0.90

(0.678–1.187)

NS

0.89

(0.658–1.215)

NS

0.89

(0.756–1.045)

NS

 Activity limitation

1.12

(0.756–1.660)

NS

0.83

(0.499–1.383)

NS

0.81

(0.602–1.085)

NS

0.67

(0.465–0.955)

**

0.85

(0.710–1.012)

*

 Chronic diseases

1.42

(1.035–1.953)

**

0.90

(0.634–1.287)

NS

0.95

(0.752–1.209)

NS

0.71

(0.543–0.924)

**

0.87

(0.752–0.996)

**

 Disability

0.53

(0.248–1.137)

NS

0.37

(0.156–0.876)

**

0.52

(0.273–0.978)

**

0.54

(0.303–0.969)

**

0.48

(0.342–0.672)

***

 No leisure activities

0.53

(0.355–0.791)

***

1.23

(0.822–1.841)

NS

0.92

(0.716–1.190)

NS

1.20

(0.872–1.658)

NS

0.97

(0.822–1.133)

NS

N

233

 

279

 

1316

 

607

 

2456

 
  1. Unadjusted: commuting status
  2. Adjusted: commuting status, sex, age, education, occupational category, father’s occupational category, born abroad, cohabiting, children, departments, urban area
  3. Fully adjusted: commuting status, sex, age, education, occupational category, father’s occupational category, born abroad, cohabiting, children, departments, urban area, permanency of the job, sector, number of people employed at the local unit, wage, full-time/part-time employment, overtime, night work
  4. p1: significance p* ≤ 0.1 | p** ≤ 0.05 | p*** ≤ 0.01; Wald test
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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