% | Men (N = 15,059) | Women (N = 18,050) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychological distress (N = 1321) | No psychological distress (N = 13,738) | P value | Psychological distress (N = 1984) | No psychological distress (N = 16,066) | P value | |
% (N) | % (N) | % (N) | % (N) | |||
Age group | ||||||
 20–34 (21.4) | 12.0 (388) | 88.0 (2977) | < 0.0001 | 15.6 (554) | 84.4 (3138) | < 0.0001 |
 35–49 (36.7) | 9.6 (507) | 90.4 (5103) |  | 10.9 (688) | 89.1 (5865) |  |
 50–65 (41.9) | 7.5 (426) | 92.5 (5658) |  | 9.9 (742) | 90.1 (7063) |  |
Education years | ||||||
 < =12 (32.0) | 10.0 (541) | 90.0 (5355) | 0.0756 | 13.1 (548) | 86.9 (3992) | 0.0013 |
 13–16 (39.1) | 9.9 (464) | 90.1 (4753) |  | 11.5 (844) | 88.5 (6982) |  |
 17+ (28.9) | 8.6 (316) | 91.4 (3630) |  | 10.7 (592) | 89.3 (5093) |  |
Marital status | ||||||
 Married/cohabiting (76.7) | 8.1 (879) | 91.9 (10,743) | < 0.0001 | 10.0 (1238) | 90.0 (11,814) | < 0.0001 |
 Separated/divorced/widowed (9.9) | 14.2 (123) | 85.8 (11,622) |  | 14.7 (308) | 85.3 (1879) |  |
 Single (13.4) | 14.5 (280) | 85.5 (1746) |  | 16.7 (365) | 83.3 (1895) |  |
Lives alone | ||||||
 Yes (13.7) | 14.7 (262) | 85.3 (1690) | < 0.0001 | 15.4 (385) | 84.6 (2243) | < 0.0001 |
 No (86.3) | 8.7 (1059) | 91.3 (12,048) |  | 11.0 (1599) | 89.0 (13,824) |  |
Has children under 18 years of age | ||||||
 Yes (53.1) | 8.6 (498) | 91.4 (5565) | < 0.0001 | 11.1 (674) | 88.9 (5699) | 0.0023 |
 No (46.9) | 11.6 (495) | 88.4 (4232) |  | 12.9 (777) | 87.1 (5604) |  |
At-risk drinkinga | ||||||
 Yes (28.4) | 12.0 (606) | 88.0 (4930) | < 0.0001 | 15.2 (574) | 84.8 (3414) | < 0.0001 |
 No (71.6) | 8.1 (705) | 91.9 (8808) |  | 10.6 (1410) | 89.4 (12,653) |  |
Current smoker | ||||||
 Yes (22.3) | 13.6 (291) | 86.4 (1987) | < 0.0001 | 19.2 (411) | 80.8 (1869) | < 0.0001 |
 No (77.7) | 8.6 (646) | 91.4 (6908) |  | 10.7 (900) | 89.3 (7503) |  |
Loneliness | ||||||
 Never/seldom/sometimes (93.8) | 7.1 (933) | 92.9 (13,285) | < 0.0001 | 8.8 (1394) | 91.2 (15,381) | < 0.0001 |
 Often/all the time (6.2) | 49.3 (385) | 50.7 (409) |  | 48.1 (587) | 51.9 (669) |  |
Active member in societies, hobby groups, etc. | ||||||
 Yes (29.5) | 6.9 (283) | 93.1 (4182) | < 0.0001 | 8.0 (397) | 92.0 (4775) | < 0.0001 |
 No (70.5) | 10.7 (1020) | 89.3 (9367) |  | 13.1 (1553) | 86.9 (11,021) |  |
How difficult or easy is it to cover household costs? | ||||||
 Fairly difficult/very difficult (24.0) | 29.0 (251) | 71.0 (655) | < 0.0001 | 29.2 (369) | 70.8 (914) | < 0.0001 |
 Fairly easy /very easy (76.0) | 8.2 (1063) | 91.8 (12,998) |  | 10.1 (1592) | 89.9 (15,013) |  |
How many persons give you practical help? | ||||||
 No one (1.3) | 39.8 (77) | 60.2 (128) | < 0.0001 | 40.8 (75) | 59.2 (119) | < 0.0001 |
 1–2 persons (54.9) | 11.8 (863) | 88.2 (7215) |  | 13.9 (1223) | 86.1 (8161) |  |
 3–6 persons (43.8) | 5.8 (331) | 94.2 (5890) |  | 8.1 (593) | 91.9 (7187) |  |
How many persons give you emotional support? | ||||||
 No one (0.9) | 40.9 (54) | 59.1 (85) | < 0.0001 | 45.2 (61) | 54.8 (79) | < 0.0001 |
 1–2 persons (58.9) | 10.9 (931) | 89.1 (8531) |  | 13.8 (1206) | 86.2 (8120) |  |
 3–6 persons (40.2) | 6.2 (288) | 93.8 (4646) |  | 8.3 (628) | 91.7 (7291) |  |
Helping a parent outside the household regularly, at least once a month | ||||||
 Yes (42.9) | 9.1 (382) | 90.9 (4099) | 0.0077 | 11.7 (634) | 88.3 (5067) | 0.1040 |
 No (57.1) | 10.7 (649) | 89.3 (5789) |  | 12.6 (859) | 87.4 (6273) |  |
Helping a child outside the household regularly, at least once a month | ||||||
 Yes (34.6) | 9.3 (264) | 90.7 (2837) | 0.0774 | 11.1 (486) | 88.9 (4077) | 0.0075 |
 No (65.4) | 10.5 (706) | 89.5 (6332) |  | 12.8 (913) | 87.2 (6554) |  |
Helping someone else outside the household regularly, at least once a month | ||||||
 Yes (35.1) | 10.6 (323) | 89.4 (2960) | 0.299 | 13.6 (617) | 86.4 (4165) | 0.0008 |
 No (64.9) | 9.9 (687) | 90.1 (6614) |  | 11.5 (852) | 88.5 (6857) |  |
Work satisfaction | ||||||
 Extremely satisfied (20.2) | 3.8 (93) | 96.2 (2720) | < 0.0001 | 5.0 (168) | 95.0 (3620) | < 0.0001 |
 Fairly satisfied (56.8) | 6.2 (467) | 93.8 (7965) |  | 8.7 (836) | 91.3 (9300) |  |
 Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (15.1) | 15.3 (357) | 84.7 (2069) |  | 19.3 (465) | 80.7 (2008) |  |
 Fairly/extremely dissatisfied (7.9) | 33.7 (387) | 66.3 (811) |  | 36.4 (490) | 63.6 (895) |  |
Mental strain of work | ||||||
 Low (13.8) | 4.4 (90) | 95.6 (2212) | < 0.0001 | 6.0 (112) | 94.0 (2024) | < 0.0001 |
 Moderate (71.7) | 7.9 (737) | 92.1 (9602) |  | 9.7 (1160) | 90.3 (11,622) |  |
 High (14.5) | 24.4 (460) | 75.6 (1561) |  | 26.0 (663) | 74.0 (1974) |  |
Physical strain of work | ||||||
 Low (52.8) | 8.3 (582) | 91.7 (7040) | < 0.0001 | 10.4 (926) | 89.6 (8549) | < 0.0001 |
 Moderate (40.5) | 9.2 (524) | 90.8 (5573) |  | 11.8 (775) | 88.2 (6136) |  |
 High (6.7) | 19.1 (187) | 80.9 (853) |  | 21.0 (226) | 79.0 (874) |  |
When I come home, I stop thinking about my work | ||||||
 Yes (56.3) | 6.9 (492) | 93.1 (7440) | < 0.0001 | 8.1 (787) | 91.9 (9621) | < 0.0001 |
 No (43.7) | 13.0 (814) | 87.0 (6116) |  | 16.9 (1168) | 83.1 (6185) |  |
I feel that I am neglecting domestic issues because of my work | ||||||
 Yes (37.8) | 15.5 (761) | 84.5 (4583) | < 0.0001 | 18.5 (1221) | 81.5 (5729) | < 0.0001 |
 No (62.2) | 6.3 (543) | 93.7 (8957) |  | 7.3 (729) | 92.7 (10,053) |  |
I sometimes ignore my family when I am wholly absorbed in my work | ||||||
 Yes (26.4) | 14.4 (549) | 85.6 (3625) | < 0.0001 | 18.9 (786) | 81.1 (3622) | < 0.0001 |
 No (73.6) | 7.8 (751) | 92.2 (9883) |  | 9.3 (1160) | 90.7 (12,146) |  |
I often find it difficult to concentrate on my work because of domestic issues | ||||||
 Yes (9.9) | 28.7 (419) | 71.3 (1106) | < 0.0001 | 34.5 (556) | 65.5 (1118) | < 0.0001 |
 No (90.1) | 7.3 (881) | 92.7 (12,425) |  | 9.1 (1395) | 90.9 (14,651) |  |
I have more energy to be with the children when I also go to work | ||||||
 Yes (35.1) | 6.9 (350) | 93.1 (4928) | < 0.0001 | 9.8 (563) | 90.2 (5423) | < 0.0001 |
 No (64.9) | 11.1 (936) | 88.9 (8425) |  | 12.7 (1362) | 87.3 (10,147) |  |
I feel inadequacy as a parent | ||||||
 Yes (17.8) | 20.6 (439) | 79.4 (1824) | < 0.0001 | 20.8 (686) | 79.2 (2756) | < 0.0001 |
 No (82.2) | 7.7 (850) | 92.3 (11,546) |  | 9.4 (1243) | 90.6 (12,830) |  |